GEOLOGY. 267 
geography. The shapes of Gottland and Oland are like the 
Wenern and Wettern lakes: the main coast lines from 
Stockholm to Carlskroner cut Meridians diagonally as 
the lakes do. These lines have reference not to the hills 
but to the coast. 
‘At Stockholm oaks flourish on ice-ground rocks—ice- 
grooves abound but they do not point at the nearest hills. 
' * The coast up to Umea-is a copy of the coast below 
Stockholm. Many islands in the gulf are piles of boulders, 
half in, half out, of the water, and all the rocks, without 
exception, are like low islands on the opposite Norwegian 
coast, which are all of one pattern.’ 
At a subsequent date he adds, ‘On the 25th of July 
crossed the gulf to Wasain Finland. 
‘The country and the people on the Russian side seem 
to be identical with Sweden and Swedes. Lakes, trees, 
rocks, and large wandering stones characterised both sides. 
I could not find striae that indicated the direction in which 
ice had last moved over these rocks; but the grinding- 
engine did not seem to have moved from the opposite 
mountains of Scandinavia.’ ! 
From this it will be seen that he was disposed to sup- 
pose that the ice marks in Finland may be attributable to 
floating ice. 
Tn reference to high land in Norway, it is said by him: 
‘ Taking the Fjerland glacier as a small working example 
of a local ice-system, easily visited and easily understood, 
the larger system from which it falls is comprehensible ; 
and neighbouring systems are found to work on one plan. 
Starting from marks which are under moving ice, near 
Bergen, they lead to a large local system in Southern 
Norway, and to one still larger which covered the southern 
half of the peninsula below lat. 64°, and cumbered the 
Baltic and North Sea with floating ice. The very same 
forces—-heat and weight, move these land-ice systems now 
that they are little, that moved them when they were big. 
‘The lesson taught by these two blocks of high land in 
