276 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
(Lonicera tartarica L.), have been cultivated at Uleaborg 
65, 1’. ; 
The willow-leaved spirea (Spirea salicifolia L.), the 
rowan-leaved spirea (Spirea sorbifolia L.), the flowering 
bramble (Rubus oderatus L.), the barberry (Berberis vul- 
garisL.), the snowberry (Symphoricarpus racemosus Michx.), 
and the red berried elder (Sambucus racemosa L.), have 
been cultivated at Ny-Karleby, 63° 23’, and at Jakobstad, 
63° 40’; the tacamahac (Populus balsamifera L.), the 
abele tree (Populus alba L.), and the perfoliate honey- 
suckle (Lonicera caprifolium L.), have been cultivated at 
Bjérneborg, 51° 30... The hazel (Corylus avellana L.) is 
found on the west up to 61° 40, on the east to 61° 80’. 
On the south and south-east coast it is very common; and 
so is the horse chestnut (isculus hippocastanum L.), but 
this does not appear to bear the climate north of 61°. 
These shrubs and trees are species which it has been 
tried to cultivate throughout almost the whole country, 
even in gardens of limited extent. A great many other 
species besides these are to be found in gardens of greater 
extent {and in parks; but this most frequently in the 
southern parts of the country. 
Amongst rarer kinds may be mentioned the butter nut 
(Juglaus cinerea L.), which has been cultivated at Eriksnis, 
in the parish of Sibbo, 60° 17’, for so long a time that a 
tree produced from seed of one of the older trees has had 
time to attain a height of 30 feet; of the walnut (Juglans 
vegia L.), at Svarta, parish of Karis, 60° 8’, there is a tree 
15 feet in height; the hornbeam (Carpinus betula) is 
grown at Fiskars, parish of Pojo, 60° 8’; tho beech (Fagus 
silvatica L.), cultivated in some places in the south in 
Finland, appears to have attained at Fagervik, 60° 2’, the 
dimensions of a small tree; the most northern place in 
which it has been cultivated is Frugird, about 60° 30’. 
Planted there about a hundred years ago, it has continued 
to grow till now, but it is only a shrub a few feet in 
height, 
