FLORA. 277 
Sections of many of these different kinds of cultivated 
forest trees and shrubs were exhibited at Moscow, a great 
many of them being supplied by Mr E. de Julin, proprietor 
of the works at Fiskars, which speaks the interest taken 
by him in the culture of trees. 
Of forest trees acclimatised in Finland, and very widely 
dispersed, may be cited the following: the apple (Pyrus 
malus), which in the south yields pretty good fruit, but it 
does not succeed well to the north of 620 lat., and in 630 
the fruit ripens only in good years. There may be seen at 
hee and at Tornea dwarf apple trees, but they do not 
ruit. 
The pear (Pyrus communis) is pretty common in the 
south of the Governments of Abo and of Nyland, but it 
se rare,and ceases to fruit every year from 61° north- 
ward, 
‘Two varieties of the cherry, the common cherry (Prunus 
cerastus), and the bird cherry (P. avium), are met with, 
the former so far north as the environs of Wasa and of 
Kuopio, and the latter up to 61° north. 
The bullace tree, or wild plum (Prunus institia), and 
the common plum (P. domestica) have the same limits, 
the former that of the cherry, the latter that of the gean. 
The rough and the smooth gooseberries (Ribes grossu- 
laria and R. uva-crispa) succeed very well at Wasa and 
Kuopio. There are cultivated alsoin the gardens varieties 
of the gooseberry, of the black currant, and of the rasp. 
As for apricots, and peaches, and grapes, they are only to 
be had imported. 
There are found throughout Finland in great abundance 
berry-bearing plants such as the whortleberry (Vaccinum 
myrtillus), the cowberry (V. vitis idea), the cranberry 
(V. axycocus), and the cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus). 
‘The dwarf crimson bramble (Rubus articus) is everywhere 
abundant between the Arctic Circle and the 63° purallel. 
The strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is widely diffused in the 
