CHAPTER IV, 
FAUNA, 
Section A,—INDIGENOUS AND DoMESTIC ANIMALS, 
By Dr. Ignatius it is reported that it is not yet practicable 
to state precisely the number of species of animals to be 
found in Finland, for many classes of moluscs and zoophytes 
have not been sufficiently studied. 
Amongst the vertebrates there have been reckoned 
about 60:species of mamifers, including domestic animals 
and acclimatised species. Of these the more remarkable 
are the following :— 
The bear (Ursus arctos) is met with throughout the 
whole of Finland up to the north of the Enare Lake, where 
the forests being thinly sown, the ants more rare, and the 
berries in less abundance, food fails it. It lives. eaeny in 
ferny lands covered with ‘thick forests, 
The wolf (Canis lupus) is found to the ponndaey north 
of Lapland; it commits great devastations, especially during 
severe winters, when it penetrates in great herds to the 
vicinity of the habitations of men. 
The fox (Canis vulpes) is spread over the whole land; 
the croisé fox and the black fox are rare varieties, sought 
after for their valuable furs. 
The isates (Canis Lagopus) belongs, strictly speaking, to 
Lapland, but it is met with sometimes even in the south 
of Finland, particularly in severe winters. 
The beaver (Castor fiber) likewise belongs to the far 
north. For two centuries past the hunters have killed 
hundreds annually, but it has become so rare, that it is not 
known for a certainty still to exist in Finland. 
