FAUNA. 281 
autumn, as does also the swan (Cygnus musicus), which 
may be seen in summer for a very short time swimming 
in the lakes of the north and the north-east. 
“Of feathered game may be mentioned the woodcock 
(Tetrao bonasia), the heathcock (Tetrao urvgallus), the 
small grouse (Tetrao tetrix), the gray partridge (Perdix 
— the Lagopus alpinus, and many species of wild 
ucks. 
There are also birds of prey in great numbers. Amongst 
others there are the common eagle (Aquila chrysaétes), 
the osprey (Haliaétus albicilla), this latter, however, migrates 
in oo 3 Six species of falcons, two of vultures, and six of 
owls, 
Of fish there are found in the lakes, and rivers, and seas 
around Finland, some 80 species. Amongst the most 
important, in an economical point of view, are the herring 
(Clupea marengus), from 75 to 100. millimetres in length, 
which frequents the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, and is 
met with on extensive banks near the outer reefs of the 
archipelago of the coast ; the anchovy (Clupva sprattus, L.), 
common on the south and south-west coasts; the pike 
(Hsox luctus), abounding in all the Finnish waters, and on 
into Lapland; the perch (Perca flunatilis), which is also 
common like the last; the sandre (Luctoperca sandra, Cuv.), 
is met with up to 66° 5’ in the greater part of the deep 
lakes, and also in the archipelago in the south; the Plat- > 
essa flesus, L.; the cod (Gadus morrhua, L.), common in the 
Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, up to Qvarken, but rare to 
the north of this; the Zota vulgaris, Cuv.), which is taken 
everywhere in winter; the eel (Anguilla vulgaris, Flem.), 
which is fished in the sea, and in most of the rivers and lakes 
in communication with it; the bream (Abramis brama, L.,) 
is met with up to the Polar Circle; the Zdus melanotus; 
the roach (Leuciscus rutilis); many species of the genus 
lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus, L.), Maroena block, &c.; the Core- 
gonus albulal VL, is limited in its longitudinal range, but it 
