282 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
is so abundant in the lakes that it constitutes an impor- 
tant portion of the food of the people in the interior; the 
salmon (Salmo salar, L.), and the trout (Salmo trutta), con- 
stitute the subject of a very important fishing in the larger 
rivers; and there are found singular varieties in the 
Ladoga—Salmo relicta, Malmgr., and in the other large 
large lakes of the country Salmo lacustris L.; the river lam- 
prey (Petromyzon fluialis), &c. 
Of reptiles there are reckoned five species, of which one 
only is venomous, the common viper (Pelias herus, L.), which 
prefers stony slopes exposed to the south, but which is also 
found in the land and in the forests, It is met with also 
in the south of Lapland. 
The Amphibia are also represented by five species. Two 
species of frog—Rana temporaria, L, and R. arvalis, Nilss.; 
the toad (Bufo vulgaris, L.), the salamander (Triton palustris), 
and the triton (Z. aquaticus, L). 
Amongst other molluscs there is a shell-fish producing 
pearls, the Marganitana margaritifera L., which is found 
everywhere in the water-courses communicating with the 
Oulujaervi, and also in the rivers of the south. The Myt- 
lus edulis Lis common in the Gulf of Finland and north to 
Wasa, but it is not eaten, nor are the different species of 
periwinkle. There has been found in the south of Finland 
a specimen of the Helix pomatia, L., but it is not yet known 
whether it may be reckoned as belonging to the Finnish 
fauna. 
In notices of the Articulata it may be mentioned that 
apiculture is somewhat extensively carried on in the south, 
especially in the Governments of Abo and Bjorneborg. 
The caterpillar of the Moctua Graminis, L. occasions great 
devastations, and in some years almost entirely destroys 
the meadows in some places. The forests of conifers are 
sometimes attacked by varieties of the Hylastes Scolytus, 
