288 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 
Dr. Ignatius, preceded by the remark—‘ Finland enjoys a 
mild climate relatively to its latitude.’ 
‘ The isothermal line of zero, or the freezing point, on the 
average temperature, passes well to the south of 60° N. 
lat. in the greater part of the countries in the Northern 
Hemisphere. In North America this line describes a 
curve from near the island of Aleaska, 59°, to the south 
part of Labrador, 48°; in Asia it approaches the southern 
frontier of Siberia, and reaches the Pacific to the south of 
the mouth of the Amonso, towards the 50th degree of 
latitude. In Finland, on the contrary, the isothermal 
line begins at the 66th degree of latitude, rises rapidly to 
the north, describing a curve which takes in the high land of 
the interior, and enters the Gulf of Bothnia, and the Frozen 
Ocean, in such a way that not only the countries situated 
to the south of this parallel, but even those which slope 
towards the Frozen Ocean, and experience effects of the 
warm current of the Gulf Stream, have a mean tempera- 
ture above the freezing point. Of all the countries situ- 
ated in the same latitude as Finland, the Scandinavian 
peninsula alone has a milder climate. Russia in Europe, 
on the other hand, is much more cold. The isothermal 
line of + 2° centigrade passes in Finland by the Govern- 
ment of Wasa and of Kuopio, under 64° lat., but after having 
entered Russia it gradually curves southward, and crosses 
the river Oural at 53°. Abo and Helsingfors have a mean 
temperature higher than that of Samara and Orenburg in 
52° 30’ and 54° 50’. At Abo the mean temperature of the 
year is + 46° centigrade, and at Helsingfors, according to 
observations made from time to time during twenty-one 
years, the mean temperature of these was + 411°, The 
mean temperature of the different months was— 
January, - - 6°66 deg. Cent, 
February, - : 7°89 
March, . - 3°96 3 
April, - oe +1-16 ——,, 
ay, - - +7°66 a 
June, . - +13°86 3 
July, - + +1678 4, 
