BREEDS OF CHICKENS 57 



" (d) Certificates showing that two or more specimens of the 

 breed or variety have been exhibited in each of the classes for 

 single birds— cocl<, hen, coclverei and pullet— at a show held 

 under American Poultry iVssociation rules in the two annual 

 show seasons next preceding the annual meeting at which 

 the petition for recognition is presented; such affidavits to 

 be signed by the Secretary of each such show and by a licensed 

 judge who officiated at it. 



"(e) A standard for a breed or variety must l)e in the form 

 used in The American Standard of Perfection; in case of a 

 new variety of a Standard breed, conforming to the Standard 

 for that breed; in case of a new breed, conforming to the gen- 

 eral requirements of its class; and in ease of a kind, not 

 heretofore included in the Standard of Perfection, conforming 

 to the general plan of descri])tion in the Standard, which 

 standard is to be a provisional standard, subject to amend- 

 ment by the petitioner or by the Association before the 

 recognition of the breed or variety." 



Membership in a standard breed does not necessarily 

 imply a common or even a similar ancestry with other 

 members, though such is usually the case. It means only 

 that the individual considered approaches the ideal type 

 of the breed to a considerable degree. For instance, as 

 Brown^ states, the Buff Orpington is the result of the 

 systematic crossing of the Golden Spangled Hamburg, Buff 

 Cochin, and Dark Dorking, while another variety of the 

 same breed, the Black Orpington, traces its decent from the 

 Black Rlinorca, the Black Plymouth Rock (a non-standard 

 variety), and clean-legged Langshans (which are disqualified 

 by the Standard). 



Varieties may and often do have a common ancestry, as, 

 for instance, the several Wyandottes. The Whites are muta- 

 tions from the Silvers, and the Goldens count American 

 Seabrights, the forerunners of the modern Silver Wyan- 

 dottes, among their ancestors. 



"Standard Bred" or "Pure Bred." — In poultry terminology, 

 "pure bred," as used in reference to farm animals, is, techni- 

 cally at least, replaced by "standard bred." 



• Racea of Domestic Poultry. 



