338 POULTRY PRODUCTION 



Brewers' Grains. — Brewers' grains are a barley refuse from 

 the brewing of alcoholic beverages and are sold on the 

 market both wet and dry. Wet brewers' grains can be pur- 

 chased only in the vicinity of breweries, wliere they may be 

 hauled directly to the farm, because of their liigh water 

 content and the ease with which fermentation takes place. 

 Wet grains make an excellent food, as they are succulent, 

 palatable, and nutritious. Care should be taken, however, 

 that tliey be fresh anrl unfermented, as, if strong or musty, 

 they will afTect the flavor of the egg. 



Dried brewers' grains are the \\et grains with the moisture 

 dri\'en off. In this state they have good keeping qualities 

 and are light in weight, thus enabling them to be shipped to 

 distant markets. Because of their high protein and fat 

 content, together witli their light, chaffy nature, they 

 make a valuable addition to the mash portion of the ration 

 and form a good supplementary food to corn meal and wheat 

 middlings. 



The average amounts of the nutrients found in 11 10 pounds 

 of dried brewers' grains are 7. .5 pounds of water, 3. .5 pounds of 

 ash, 2ri.5 pounds of crude protein, 55. G pounds of carlio- 

 hydrates, of whicli 14.fi pounds are crude filler, and 0.9 

 pounds are fat. The amounts digestible for chickens arc not 

 known. 



Buckwheat Bran and Middlings. — In the preparation of 

 buckwheat flour the outer layers of the kernel are separated 

 into the hulls and middlings. The hulls, whicli have but 

 very little feeding value, are sometimes mixed with a varying 

 proportion of the middlings and sold as buckwheat bran. 

 This feed is a better cattle than poultry feed, however, as 

 poultry do not require tlie hulls to add bulk to the ration. 



Buckwheat middlings are high in protein and fat, and are 

 oftentimes used in fattening rations to produce white flesh. 

 When buckwheat feeds of any kind, either whole grain or 

 ground, are fed, they have a tendency to ligliten the color of 

 the yolks of the eggs. 



The average amounts of luitrients found in 1(J(I pounds of 

 buckwheat middlings are 12 pounds of water, 4.S pounds of 

 ash, 28.3 pounds of crude protein, 47.5 pounds of carbo- 



