410 



POULTRY PRODUCTION 



of waste with the dry. For httle cliicks the hitter may l)e 

 aecomphshed hy putting a piece of half-incli mesli lianhvare 

 (■h)th into the to]) of tJie tray, as shown in Figure 190. Tiic 

 chicks are able to eat through this, but cannot scratch out 

 the feed and waste it. 



Watering Pan. — A perfect watering device should l^eep the 

 water clean and cool in warm weather, and be of such 

 construction that it may be easily cleaned and freezing 

 will not injure its usefulness. To keep water clear the water- 

 ing arrangement should be high enough so that straw will not 

 be scratched into it, and at the same time so situated that 

 the fowls are not likelj' to perch on the edge and contaminate 



Fig. 186 



Worlviiij^ plans of Ihc double outdoor hopper shown in Figure 185. 



it \\ ith dropi)ings (see Figure lUl). Farthcnware is ])ri)l)alily 

 best for keejjing water cool in sunniier, but it ^\ill not stand 

 freezing. GaK'anizcd iron pans witli flaring sides, as sliown 

 in Figure 191, withstand freezing well, and are among the 

 most used watering de\'iccs for nnitvu'c stock. Galvanized 

 iron, howe\'er, is attacked by ])otassium ]>cnnanganate, which 

 is frc(iuently i>ut in the drinking-w.ater to ])rt'\ciit the sjiread 

 of disease by means of the water. In tlie cour.^e of time 

 the permanganate will eat holes in it if used to any extent. 

 l'\ir small ehic'ks, a good form of watering utensil is shown 

 in k'igure 19^!. These work much the same as a self-feeding 

 hopijer. The taid<, J, is closed at the to]) and o]ien at the 

 bottom. When it is filled and in place in the jjan, B, the 



