140 FISHEBMEISr OF THE TDOTED STATES. 



If the wind is increaang rapidly, to put »tlier a ^n^e or a doaUe reef in tbe maim^ il- The 

 G^oao^tra' ^^isxm^i nsnalfy {Hit in a doable re^ at CHiee. At the same time the bonnet is taken 

 oat of the jibk When Hi has becMDe neeessaiy to shorten saQ to this extent the sea is alva:p8 

 roo^ and tbe speed of tbe vt-jisel may be somewhat diminished, pohape to 9 or 10 knots. 



As an in^anoe of speed made ander sadi ciieamstanees, it may be stated that the sehoon^- 

 WiUiam H. Foye, in the ^xing c£ ISTa, made a passage to the Westran Bank, a distance of 380 

 mfles, in aboat foitr-two hoars, or an avera^ speed of 9 miles an hoar, mnning almost all the 

 time ander nee^d mainsail, jib with the bonnet oat, and whole £«esaiL 



E^oreitisneeessaiy toshort^i sailfiutherthe wind hasstrraigflienedtoneaily agale. The 

 prepare ap(m the fi»emast is now so great that it soon beeomes necessary to Teet tbe iuesail, to 

 j^evrait the foremast being carried away. 



If tiie wind is inczeasing ra^dly two leefs are at once pot in the saQ; if othrawise, a angle 

 iee£ A Tessel with mainsail and foresail doable reefed and the bonnet oat oi the jib can cany 

 that sail, while innning free, nnta the wind blows a gale. 



The fioDowing instances illastrate fte relative amount (tf sail carried by schoonos and sqpoare- 

 rigged vessefe when it is neoes^uy to pat the fntaer under this sail: 



Ute edtooner Ocean B^ in the spring of 1674. while on a pas^ige to doaeester fiom the 

 Grand Bank, sailing ander doable leefe, Ml in with and passed a laigebaik, head-ieacldng and«' 

 dose-re^ed tt^sails and fioelx^mast staysaflL Agson, in the aatnmn of 187d, the schooner How- 

 ard, ander doable-re^ed sails, Ml in with and passed a large baik lying to under a goose-winged 

 lowia maintop-sail, haring no oth^ sail s^. ^S^omertms and possibfy more striking instances of 

 this soot might be related. These schocoiNS were sailing by the wind, and nndw these ciream- 

 ^anees the eomparatiTe merit of the s^orai^s appears at best advantage, although they cannot 

 cany the sails so kmg when sailing by the wind as when the wind is on thrar goarter. A 

 schooner with the wind as last menticmed may carry this sail ontil the wind blows a smart gale, 

 and it is mate frequently the case that they have to shortrai sail still fiaither on account of the 

 roo^mess of the se.), and the consequent heavy Inndung, tiian because of thor inabiB^ to carry so 

 much canvas. The wind is now whistling, or, in fishermen^s phrase, " squealing" through the rig- 

 ging : and evrai an ocean steamer, if heading the sea or in its troagh, wonld be tossing about in a 

 mann^ which woald be very uncomfortable and alarming to most of the passengers. 



As the sea and the wind increase there is a dangra' of eanying aws^ the main bomn, the end 

 of whidi is fieqoraitly dipped under as the ressel lurdbes to leeward. Ihe mainsail is now. there- 

 fioe, taken in and furled, and in its stead the riding-saH, especially <m tihe Bank vessds, is bent to 

 the mainmast and hoisted, this sail b^ng without a boom and con^deiably smaller than the two- 

 redEed mainsail, then^ore causes the vessd to lurch mud less than wh»i she has the hmg main- 

 boom over her lee quarter.* 



Under the present arrangement of tiie ssuls, riding-sail, double-reefed fiwesail, and jib without 

 the bonnet, the vessel continaes until the wind blows a heavy gale. 



When a schooner is going ahead imder these sails an ocean steams wonld be making slow 

 progress if heading the wind, and wonld be obliged to alter her course to avoid lying in the trou^ 

 of the sea if she should be stnering with the wind abeam. 



In the heavy gale <^ January 27. 1S79, the schooner Marion, of Gloucester, while ronning under 

 this sail, passed a large ocean steamer near the Western Bank, making slow progress to the west- 



* SoDKtimesthe nding-sail is sot set, but the vessel is allowed to ran under doaUe-^eefed fonesail and jib. Tbe 

 ate^bad of setting the nding-sail as descdbed ie^ however, pedtaps IJbe moat oommcm. 



