198 EVOLUTION IN THE PAST 



POST- GLACIAL Taking the remains discovered at Spy in Belgium as belong- 

 HUNTERS IN ing to this time, some of these men seem to have been of 

 EUROPE the same race as the inter-glacial hunters. Their heads 

 were very similar — ^narrow, depressed at the top, heavily 

 browed, and low-foreheaded ; whilst in the outer bone of 

 the forearm, and in the shoulder-blade, there were the same 

 simian characters. The remains further bring to Ught that 

 they were large-footed individuals, and possessed massive 

 chinless jaws with projecting incisor teeth, and molars of 

 simian character. The adults were probably not far short 

 of having attained an erect posture when walking ; but from 

 the construction of the leg-bones below the knee, the body 

 must have had a distinctly forward bend. The children 

 may have had to wait for some years before dispensing with 

 the arms in locomotion. 



But although physically these people closely resembled 

 the inter-glacial hunters, they were in the enjoyment of a 

 somewhat higher culture. Their stone implements, though 

 rudely wrought, were better fashioned and more varied in 

 shape. In addition to flints roughly chipped for cutting 

 and scraping purposes, they possessed hand-hatchets and 

 borers ; and also " duck and drake " stones with chipped 

 edges for use as missiles. It is doubtful, however, if they 

 possessed any weapons which would make them successful 

 hunters of big game. 



Contemporary more or less with these rude hunters were 

 men of another race [Galley HiU skeleton (1888), Homo 

 Aurignacensis Hansen (1910)]. These individuals — if the 

 remains are typical — were about five feet in height, and 

 possessed disproportionately long thighs. Their heads were 

 long and narrow • the face was short but well foreheaded ; 

 whilst the neck was that of a gorilla for thickness. As regards 

 brains they were certainly better off than the men of the 

 other race. Moreover, they were graced with chins, although 

 not of high type ; and their under- jaws were of lighter struc- 

 ture. From the development of the mandible it is supposed 

 they were able to talk with far greater facihty than the big- 

 jawed, chinless hunters. Indeed, the speech of those men 

 was probably httle better than a confused jabber. 



