GBNEEAL EEPOET. xxix 



mountain sides from base to summit, Amelanchier Canadensis ajid Sympho- 

 ricarpus montanus of equally wide range but in rather moister localities, and 

 also Prunus demissa, but confined to the neighborhood of streams. On the 

 stream-banks in the lower canons may be Ribes irriguum, Rosa, and various 

 wdlows, with Samhucus glauca and Cornus puhe^cens, or more rarely Cratmgus 

 rivularis or Alnus incana. Equally conspicuous with any of these and cover- 

 ing abundantly the moist rich hillsides are Wyethia amplexicaulis, Lophanthus 

 urticcefolius, and Qeranium Richardsonii. 



The mountain flora shows a larger number of shrubby species than that 

 of the valleys, though many of them are very sparingly distributed. Among 

 the herbaceous species there is a marked predominance of certain orders, 

 genera, or sections of genera, mostly perennials, especially of Pentstemon, 

 Eriogonum, Lupinus, Castilleia, and various Asteroid and Caryophyllaceous, 

 Saxifragaceous and Umbelliferous genera. The number of alpine and sub- 

 alpine plants is proportionally very large. 



Valley Floka. It is evident that the vegetation of the valleys may be 

 readily divided into three very distinct groups, the first including species 

 characteristic of the more alkaline localities, the second confined to the fresh- 

 water aquatic and meadow species, and the last and much the larger class 

 including the plants peculiar to the drier portions of the valleys and to the 

 foothills. The strictly or chiefly alkaline species, as included in the follow- 

 ing list, are neither numerous nor, with a few exceptions, very frequent. The 

 first division (a.) is restricted to such as have been found, so far as known, 

 only within the limits of the Great Basin, (taking that term in its larger 

 sense.) The second division (b.) includes all those that extend beyond those 

 limits but not (or rarely) eastward of the Saskatchewan and Mississix^pi 

 Rivers, the first section, indeed, only westward to the Pacific slope, the 

 second only eastward into the Rocky Mountains, or beyond, toward the 

 Saskatchewan or Texas, and the last in both directions. In the third division 

 (c.) are placed those species that are found in the Atlantic States or Eastern 

 British America, the last section containing the few species that do not also 

 pass to the Pacific side of the continent. The arctic species and those which 

 extend beyond latitude 55° toward the arctic circle are designated by 

 (Arc.) and (Subarc.) respectively. Southern species, found in Arizona, 

 Southern California or Mexico, are indicated by (S.) or (Mex.,) while an 

 (R.) notes such of the last two sections of division (b.) as do not cross the 



