116 BOTANY. 



plains. Another simple form, but scarcely half as large, occurs in Colorado 

 and possibly in Eastern Utah. 



Mamillaeia Nuttallii, Eng. Smaller, globose, simple or sometimes 

 caespitose, with fewer (10-20) weaker ash-colored spines ; flowers yellow, 

 1-2' broad ; berries scarlet, subglobose ; seeds few, black, globose, pitted. — 

 Common on the eastern slopes of the mountains of Colorado and perhaps to 

 be found in Eastern Utah. 



EcHiNOCACTUS^ SiMPSONi, Eng. Simple, globose or depressed, with 

 ovate tubercles like a Mamillaria, bearing about 20 outer ash-colored spines 

 and 5-10 stouter darker inner ones, all straight and rigid ; flowers from 

 the top of the just developing tubercles, small, 9-12" broad, yellowish-green 

 to purplish ; scales on the ovary very few ; berry small, dry, with few black 

 tuberculated seeds. — Butte and Kobe Valleys, Utah, (H. E'ngelmann ;) fre- 

 quent on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado ; flowering in 

 April and May. [Found on the Havallah, Battle and Toyabe Mountains, and 

 above- Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada, only on high rocky ridges; 7-8,000 

 feet altitude ; July, in flower. Heads 2-5' in diameter, often clustered, the 

 fleshy interior frequently colored, s. w.] A small variety, resembling forms 

 of M. vivipara in habit, but the tubercles grooveless and fruiting at top, has 

 spines 4-6" long, the inner scarcely different ; a larger form has much larger 

 tubercles and spines, often 12-14" long, the inner ones bright reddish- 

 brown. (433.) 



EcHiNOCACTUs Whipplei, Eng. & Big. Middle-sized, globose or oval, 

 with 13 interrupted ribs; outer spines 7-11, mostly ivory-white, the lowest 

 darkish, the upper much longer, flat and often curved ; central spines 4, the 

 upper broader, longer, white, the others brown, the lowest hooked ; flowers 

 greenish-red, with few (2-5) sepals on the ovary, 9-15" long, not quite so 

 wide ; seeds few, large, tub erculate.— Heads 3-5' high ; spines 3-20" long. 

 On, the lower Colorado, (Bigelow, Newberry;) in Desert VaUey, west of 

 Sevier Lake, Utah, (H. Engelmann ;) the latter with more radial spines 

 and often with more than one hooked. 



EcHiNOCACTUs POLYANCiSTEUs, Eng. & Big. Medium-sized, oval, with 



1 ECHINOCACTUS, Link & Otto. Sepals and petals united beyond the sepal-bearing ovary into 

 a short tube. Berry globose or oval, juicy or dry, covered with scales and sometimes with wool. Seeds 

 brown or black ; embryo usually curved over a small albumen ; cotyledons short, foliaceous, parallel to 

 the sides of the seed.-Globose or oval, mostly simple, generally many-ribbed with bunches of spines on 

 the ribs, rarely tuberculated ; flowers near the top, just above and close to the spines of the same season, 

 usually large, as wide as long, open only in sunshine. 



