TYEANNXJS. 97 



TYRANNU.S. 



Tyranms, Cuvier, Le9. An. Comp. i. t. 2 (1800) ; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 367. 

 Laphyctes, Reich. Av. Syst. t. Ixvi. (1850). 

 Melittarchus, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80. 



Of the eleven recognized species of Tyrannus seven occur within our limits, of which 

 T. pipiri is a winter visitor from the north, T. griseus and T. magiiirostris stragglers 

 from the Antilles, and T. verticalis from western North America. This leaves three 

 resident species, of which T. melancholicus is by far the most abundant, being found in 

 all but the more elevated districts ; the others are T. crassirostris of Western Mexico 

 and Guatemala, and T. vociferans of the Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, a bird 

 which also occurs in Western North America. 



Tyrannus has a stout bill, the width of which at the gape is considerably less than 

 half the length of the tomia ; the sides of the bill are nearly straight or slightly convex, 

 the terminal hook being well developed ; the supranasal feathers are short and stiff, the 

 setse extending over the otherwise open nearly round nostril ; the rictal bristles are 

 short but strong ; the tarsi are short, and with the feet moderately strong. The wings 

 have the outer feathers pointed by the abrupt reduction of the width of their inner 

 webs ; but this is characteristic of the male, these feathers in the female being normal. 

 The 3rd quill is slightly shorter than the 2nd and 4th ; 1st < 6th > 7th ; the tail is 

 forked in some species, slightly rounded in others, >f wing, <5 tarsus. 



A. Bostrum mediocre haud incrassatum. 

 a. Subtus alius. 

 1. Tyrannus pipiri. 



Lanius tyrannus, Lian. Syst. Nat. i. p. 136 \ 



Tyrannus tyrannus, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 338 ^ 



Lanius tyrannus, y. carolinensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 303'. 



Tyrannus carolinensis, Baird, B.N.Am, p. 171 *j Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 183°; Bull. U. S. 



Nat. Mus. no. 4>, p. 28'; Baird, Brew., & Ridgw. N. Am. B. ii. p. 316'; Sennett, BuU. 



U. S. Geol. Surv. iv. p. 31 " ; Coues, Birds N. W. p. 235 ' ; Key N. Am. B. ed. 2, p. 432" ; 



Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 471 ". 

 Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 73, t. 44 " ; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 " ; Gundl. 



Orn. Cub. p. 74'*; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448"; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. 



p. 267 '\ 

 Tyrannus intrepidus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 214, t. 133 " ; Sw. Phil. Mag. new ser. i. p. 368 '' ; Scl. 



P. Z. S. 1858, p. 302", 1859, p. 383'°; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 55^'; Scl. & Salv. Ibis, 



1859, p. 120='; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y, vii. p. 295 ''; Salv. Ibis, 1864, pp. 378'*, 380''; 



Sumichrast, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. i. p. 557 '°. 

 Supra griseo-nigricans ; capite nigro, crista coccinea celata ornato ; uropygio nigro albido Hmbato ; alis nigris 



BIOL. CENTK.-AMBE., Aves, Vol. II., Mavch 1889. 13 



