PIPEA.— CHIEOXIPHIA. Ill 



the difference is insignificant. The species appears to be not uncommon in the State 

 of Panama, the limit of its range in this direction ; it thence spreads southwards over 

 the greater part of Tropical South America to the southern confines of Brazil. 



b. Gula alha. 



5. Pipra leucorrhoa. 



Pipra leucorrhoa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 63, t. 10 ' ; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 301 "; Salv. P. Z. S. 

 1867, p. 149'; 1870, p. 200*; Ibis, 1872, p. 318 = ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 116% 



Supra nitide purpureo-nigra, gutture et crisso albis ; rostro et pedibus nigrioantibus. Long, tota 3'5, alse 2-3, 



caudse 1'2, rostri a rietu 0"5, tarsi 0'6. (Descr. maris ex Chitra, Panama. Mus. nostr.) 

 2 supra viridis ; subtus medialiter albicans, gutture griseo-albicante. 



Hob. NiCAEAGUA, Chontales {Belt s) ; Costa Eica, Tucurriqui (ArcS), Angostura, Guaitil 

 (Garmiol ^) ; Panama, Chiriqui *, Bugaba \ Laguna de Castillo 4, Boquete de Chitra*, 

 Calovevora \ Santa Fe ^ (ArcS). — Colombia i. 



This species is a close ally of P. gutturalis of Guiana, but may be readily distin- 

 guished by the upper surface being of a uniform shiny purple, P. gutturalis having a 

 dull ring round the back of the neck and a dull patch on the lower back ; moreover 

 the last-named species has a large white patch on each wing, which must show 

 conspicuously when the wing is extended. The ends of the under tail-coverts of 

 P. leucorrhoa are white. The females are very like that sex of P. leucocilla, but may 

 be distinguished by the upper surface being of a uniform green : the best character, 

 however, for distinction is in the nostrils ; these in P. leucorrhoa are more open than 

 in P. leucocilla. 



CHIROXIPHIA. 



Chiroxiphia, Oabanis, in Wiegm. Arch. f. Naturg. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847) ; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. 

 Mus. xiv. p. 307. 



Chirosoiphia contains six well-defined species, which are distributed over Tropical 

 America from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to S. Brazil and Bolivia. Two occur in 

 Central America, of which C. lanceolata is a species of the northern portion of South 

 America, which enters our fauna in the State of Panama. The other, G. linearis, is 

 peculiar to Central America, and ranges from Costa Eica to Tehuantepec, but is found 

 almost exclusively in the forests bordering the Pacific Ocean. 



In general structure Chiroxiphia resembles Pipra; but the male has peculiar 

 characters of coloration, and the nostrils open at the end of the nasal fossa, though 

 hidden by the supra-nasal feathers. The central rectrices of C. linearis are much 

 lengthened, those of G. lanceolata less so ; but this character is not found in all the 

 members of the genus. 



