144 COTINGIDiE, 



long and strong; the fourth and fifth primaries are the longest, the third = fifth, the 

 second = the seventh, the first is a little shorter than the tenth ; the tarsi are short, and 

 the feet generally rather feeble, the outer toe is a little longer than the inner toe and 

 more united to the middle toe ; the tail is moderate and nearly even, and the general 

 plumage like that of Cephaloptems, black, the male being adorned by a rich vinous 

 red throat. 



1. Querula cruenta. 



Muscicapa cruenta, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 23, ex Daub. PI. Enl. 381 '. 



Querula cruenta, Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 143^; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p. 396'; ix. 



p. 117*; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 =; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 396'. 

 Muscicapa rubricollis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 933 ', 



Nigra ; gula tota plumis elongatis vinaceo-rubris omata ; mento nigro : rostro plumbeo, pedibus nigris. Long. 



tota ll'O, else 7"2, caudiB 4'7, rostri a rictu 1'4, tarsi I'O. 

 2 omnino nigra, gula inomata. (Descr. maris et feminae ex Panama. Mus. nostr.) 



Hah. Costa Eica, Angostura, Pacuar (Carmiol^) ; Panama, Montana del Vermejo (ArcS), 

 Lion Hill (M^Zeannan ^ ^), Turbo (G. J. Wood ^). — South Ameeica, from Colombia 

 to Peru, Amazons valley, and Guiana^. 



This is a distinct species with no near allies, which has a wide range in the northern 

 portion of South America. It occurs commonly on the Isthmus of Panama, and thence 

 northward to Costa Rica ; it frequents the higher forests, living in the branches of the 

 loftier trees and feeding on fruit. 



CEPHALOPTERUS. 



Cephalopterus, Geoffrey, Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 235 (1809) ; Scl. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 398. 



There are three species of this remarkable genus, one of which (C. glahricollis) 

 occurs in Costa Rica and the adjoining State of Panama, another (C. jpenduUger) 

 in Western Ecuador, and a third (C. ornatus) has a wide range over the Amazons 

 valley from Colombia to Bolivia, it is also said to occur in Guiana ; no species is found 

 in the forests of South-eastern Brazil. 



One of the most peculiar features of this genus is the long caruncle or appendage 

 proceeding from the throat, densely feathered in two species, nearly naked in C. glahri- 

 collis, which has only a few long terminal feathers. The feathers of the crown and 

 forehead are long and curved towards their ends, and form a kind of hood, from which 

 these birds take their trivial name of umbrella-birds. The bill is very stout and the 

 culmen arched ; the nostrils have an overhanging membrane and are situated at the 

 lower end of the nasal fossa ; the fifth primary is the longest in the wing, the fourth 

 and sixth are equal, the second = the seventh, the first is less than the tenth ; the tail 

 is short and rounded ; the tarsi and toes are strong, the outer toe a little shorter than 

 the middle toe, the inner toe being the shortest. 



