554 EHAMPHASTID^. 



This is a race closely allied to E. carinatus — so much so, that, since it was separatee] 

 by Gould ^ doubts have always existed whether it can really be distinguished. It 

 appears to be a smaller bird, with a shorter and comparatively deeper bill, characters 

 of little value ; but a more definite point is the width of the scarlet band which borders 

 the yellow throat. This in B. brevi carinatus is wide and distinct, but scarcely shown 

 in B. carinatus. 



The range of the latter bird extends from Eastern Nicaragua through Costa Rica 

 and Panama. It just enters the northern part of Colombia, where Mr. Simons 

 obtained a specimen at Manaure, near Santa Marta. 



In habits, B. hrevicarinatus resembles B. carinatus, and appears to be equally 

 common in the countries where it is found. Both Mr. Nutting ^^ and Mr. Richmond ^ 

 found it at Nicaragua, and we have many records of it in Costa Rica and Panama. 



B. approximans. Cab., was kept separate from B. hrevicarinatus by Cassin in his 

 review of the Rhamphastidse (Pr. Ac. Phil. 1867, p. 103), but their distinctness cannot, 

 we think, now be maintained. 



3. Ehamphastos tocard. 



Le Tocard, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Ois. de Parad. ii. p. 25, t. 9 \ 



Rhamphastos tocard, NieiW. N. Diet. Hist. N. xxxiv. p. 281 °j Wagl. Syst. Av. fol. 1, p. 3'; 

 Gould, Mon. Rhamph. ed. 2, t. 4 * ; Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. 1860, p. 136 ' ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. 

 N. Y. vii. p. 299'; ix. p. 128^; Cab. J. f. Orn. 1862, p. 324 ^ Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, 

 p. 366'; V. Frantz. J. f. Orn. 1869, p. 362"; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 211"; Ibis, 1872, 

 p. 323''; Boueard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 46"; Nutting, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vi. p. 407"; 

 Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 591 '' ; Zeledon, An. Mus. Nae. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 123 " ; 

 Richmond, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 518 "; Sel. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. xix. p. 127 ". 



Niger, supra rufo lavatus, alls ei; cauda pure nigris paulo nitidis ; teotricibus supracaudalibus albis ; gutture 

 toto luteo, postice albo deinde coccineo limbato ; tectricibus suboaudalibus ooccineis ; rostri maxilla culmiue 

 aurantiaco, basi rubida, inter hos colores nigra ; mandibula nigricante ad basin rubida ; oculorum ambitu 

 nudo luteo ; pedibus plumbeis. Long, tota circa 24-0, alae 9-3, caudse 6-5, rostri a rictu 6*5, tarsi 2-0. 

 (Descr. maris ex Chiriqui. Mus. nostr.) 



$ mari similis. 



Ilab. Nicaragua, Segovia river {Townsend ^^), Escondido river {Bichmond i^), Chontales 

 {Belt^^), Los Sabalos {Nutting ^*) ; Costa Rica^, San Carlos {v. Frantzius ^^, Carmiol ^, 

 Boucard^^), Turrialba [v. Frantzius'^^, CarmioV), Tucurriqui [v. Frantzius '^^), 

 Angostura {CarmioV), Naranjo de Cartago, Jimenez, Las Trojas, Pozo Azul de 

 Pirris (Zeledon ^^) ; Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce^^), Lion Hill 

 (M'Leannan^^), Rio Nercua ( Wood ^). — Colombia ; Ecuador ; Peru. 



Bhamphastos tocard is one of the largest species of Toucans, and has been known 

 since Levaillant's time, the figure in his great work ' Oiseaux de Paradis ' being now 

 generally accepted as a representation of this bird. Upon this figure Vieillot based 

 his name. 



This species is not at all uncommon in the lowlands of the north-western countries 



