CHAPTER XY. 



EMPIBE OF BRAZIL. 



"Within a few provinces of Brazil is produced more than one- 

 half of the coffee-supply of the world. 



The industry in that great empire will be better understood if 

 some knowledge is possessed of the country, its government, in- 

 habitants, and industrial development. 



The government is monarchical, hereditary, constitutional, and 

 representative. The reigning monarch is the Emperor Dom 

 Pedro II., who succeeded to the throne of his father, Dom Pedro 

 I., on the 7th of April, 1831, being little over six years old. He 

 was declared of age, and assumed the reins of government on 

 July 23, 1840, and was crowned July 18, 1841. He is an edu- 

 cated man, of liberal ideas, an indefatigable worker, and has 

 proved himself a wise and capable ruler. 



The empire of Brazil covers one-fifteenth of the surface of the 

 globe, one-fifth of the New World, and three-sevenths of South 

 America. It extends from about 5° 10' north latitude to 33° 46' 

 south latitude, and from 34° 47' 15" to 74° 7' 5" west longitude 

 of Greenwich. Situated in the eastern part of South America, it 

 has a coast line, washed by the waters of the North and South 

 Atlantic, of nearly five thousand miles. Its greatest length is 

 two thousand six hundred miles, and its width, measuring from 

 Ponta de Pedras, the most eastern point, to the most western 

 point on the river Javari, is about two thousand eight hundred 

 miles. It has an area of 3,288,110 square miles, divided into 

 twenty provinces, besides the municipality of S. Sebastiao do Eio 

 de Janeiro, as follows : Amazonas, Pard, Maranhao, Piauhy, Ceara, 

 Eio Grande do Norte, Parahyba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, 

 Bahia, Espirito Santo, Kio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, Parana, Santa 



