APPENDIX. 327 



islied, and some of tlie rules have sunk into disuse. Still most of 

 them are in force, with a power far greater than any rules of 

 etiquette among Western nations, and violations are subject to an 

 ostracism which is often fatal to business or social comfort and 

 prosperity. The effect is to destroy enterprise and retard the 

 progress of the whole country, for the great mass of the people 

 feel that, no matter how hard they may try, they can never rise 

 above the level in which they were born. 



WAYSIDE SCENES, THOTTGHTS AND FANCIES, IN INDIA. 



From Colombo, Ceylon, across to Tuticorin, in Southern India, 

 is only about one hundred and thirty miles, and landing here I 

 received my first impressions of India. Southern India is quite 

 unlike the ^Northern part, both in soil and productions, appear- 

 ance and population ; and although it is somewhat out of the 

 beaten route of travel, my few days' stay there were most interest- 

 ing and instructive. Here we find the population free from the 

 character which has been impressed upon the population of North- 

 ern India by their Mahomedan conquerors of the Mogul era, and 

 there are few or none professing the Mahomedan religion. Here, 

 also, we find the old style of half -pyramidal, half -pagoda shaped 

 Hindoo temples in their perfection, with their cars of Juggernaut 

 and other paraphernalia, the former of which, however, under 

 English rule, are rapidly falling into disuse. The natives are no 

 longer permitted to sacrifice themselves under its wheels, which, 

 in former times, was its most impressive feature. I travelled 

 from Tuticorin to Madura and from Madura to Trichinopoly, a 

 distance of over two hundred miles, by a narrow-gauge railroad 

 (three feet three and one-third inches), very comfortably but very 

 slowly. The road had just been opened, and things, as yet, were 

 not working smoothly. At one water station the tank had proved 

 leaky and was being repaired. In default of the usual facilities a 

 hundred or more natives with earthen water-jars were set at work 

 carrying water from a capacious well, or hole about twenty feet 

 square and as many deep, from which the supply of water, when 

 the tank was in order, was usually pumped. After waiting an 

 hour or more in the cars, I became impatient at the delay, and 



