INSECTS 



365 



II. The Small Moths, as their name indicates, differ from 

 the members of the other group in size, and usually possess long 

 slender antennae. The caterpillars, which burrow in vegetable 

 substances or conceal themselves by rolling leaves together, have 

 their heads forwardly directed, and a circlet of spines near the 

 tip of each pro-leg, of which there are five pairs. The pupae 

 are generally distinguished by the presence of transverse rows of 

 spines on the upper side of the abdomen. Among the groups 

 may be mentioned Leaf-Rollers, Leaf-Miners, and Plume-Moths. 



Leaf-Rollei^s are so named from the habit many of the larvae 

 have of feeding either between leaves which they have glued to- 

 gether with silk, or else inside individual leaves which have been 

 rolled up and fixed in a similar way. Common British species 

 are: the Green Oak Moth {Tortrix viridana), and the Codlin 

 Moth {Carpocapsa porno 

 nella), of which the cater- 

 pillar tunnels within the 

 fruit of apples and pears. 



The Leaf -Miners con- 

 stitute a large group of 

 small and very small moths 



Fig. 214. — Adult stage of a Clothes 

 Moth (enlarged) 



Fig. 215. — Larvae of a Clothes Moth 

 (enlarged) 



with narrow hair-fringed wings. One of the prettiest species is 

 the Litde Ermine- Moth {Hyponomeuta padella), the larVae of 

 which keep together in companies as hatched out, and spin a 

 considerable amount of web. They devastate the leaves of 

 hawthorn, sloe, &c. Another beautiful but extremely small form 

 is the Brown Dolly {Lithocolletis corylella), the caterpillars of 

 which mine in hazel leaves. Unfortunately, however, the best- 

 known are the different species of Clothes Moth {Tinea pellionella, 

 Trichophaga tapetzelld) (figs. 214 and 215). 



The Plume-Moths are a comparatively small group of pretty 

 little long-legged moths with wings split up into a varying number 



