174 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BACTERIA. 



again found a few hours before the new access. 

 They are no longer found when convalescence is 

 established. Heidenreich, Weigert, Birsch-Hirsch- 

 feld, and Cohn have confirmed these observations. 



Intermittent Fever. — In all the analyses of air 

 made in the vicinity of lands where this fever 

 prevails, numerous inferior organisms have been 

 found. I refer to a previous work for additional 

 information, 1 and limit myself to pointing out 

 the observations of Griffini, who has found in the 

 dew of places subject to this fever, Vibrio bacil- 

 lus, V. lineola, Bacterium termo, B. catenula, etc. 2 



1 Ant. Magnin, Rech. Geol., Bot. et Stat, sur lTmpaludisme dans les 

 Dombes, et le Miasme Palude"en. Paris, 1876. 



2 " Professors Klebs and Tommassi-Crudelli, who have recently spent 

 some time in the neighborhood of Rome with the intention of investigat- 

 ing the cause of malarial fevers, have published an account of their 

 researches. Eroni an abstract of their report, published in a recent 

 number of the ' Medical Times and Gazette,' we learn that the inves- 

 tigators followed a very deliberate plan in the performance of their 

 task. . . . 



"Professors Klebs and Tommassi-Crudelli first succeeded in producing 

 the symptoms of malarial poisoning in animals by injection of watery 

 extracts from the marshy soil. They then proceeded, by the process 

 called ' fractional cultivation,' to isolate the active material, that is, the 

 true generator of the disease, supposed to be a living organism. Lastly, 

 they isolated the organisms by filtration ; and, comparing the results ob- 

 tained in injections of the filtrate with those produced by the residue 

 containing the organisms, they proved that the poison of malaria resides 

 in these. The fungi obtained appeared as small rods of 0.002 to 0.007 mil- 

 limeter in length, growing into long, twisted threads. The fungus is 

 markedly aerobiotic. If air is excluded, it dies out. The injection of 

 these fungi — true bacilli malaria. — into' healthy animals always gives 

 rise to symptoms of intermittent fever, with enlargement of the spleen, 

 etc. Later, Dr. Marchiafava, at Rome, was able to demonstrate spores 

 and bacilli in the spleen, the marrow, and the blood of three persons who 

 had died of pernicious fever, showing the same characters as those ob- 

 served by Klebs and Crudelli. In summarizing the results of their in- 

 vestigations, the authors consider the following facts as proved : 1. That 



