122 LITTLE GARDENS 
sow seed every April or to buy plants in September. Seed is sown 
outdoors and when the little plants are 1 inch or 2 inches high they 
are put out in a border, finally, in September, planting where they 
are to bloom. Sweet Williams like a sunny spot, and any fairly 
good soil suits them. Like all members of the Carnation family, to 
which the Sweet Williams belong, a soil through which water 
passes away readily suits them best. Sweet Williams are easily 
raised from cuttings taken in July. 
Violas and Pansies.—Violas or Tufted Pansies are ‘ideal 
plants for the small garden. Under proper conditions they bloom 
throughout the summer and make charming little tufts of leaf and 
flower. They like a fairly light rich soil and an open sunny spot. 
They are never so fine in the shade; then the plants become weak 
and “drawn.” Violas form the most delightful covering for Rose beds. 
T have tried many things, but Violas give by far the greatest satis- 
faction. It is true that towards the end of summer they are apt 
to~*smother some of the Rose growths, but then it is quite an easy 
matter to prevent their doing this. Some admirable effects may 
be gained by acareful association of Roses and Tufted Pansies, 
paying due regard to the colour of each. For instance, Viola 
Crimson Bedder beneath and among the white Rose Frau Karl 
Druschki ;_ or the rich yellow Viola Golden Sovereign with crimson 
Rose Liberty ; or the purple Viola Archie Grant with Rose Madame 
Ravary of apricot yellow shade, give most striking pictures. A 
large stock of Violas may be obtained quite easily when one has 
afew plants. Cuttings are rooted without difficulty. A one light 
frame in a partly shaded part of the garden is filled to within 
6 inches of the top with light sifted soil, consisting of half loamy 
soil and half leaf soil, sand being freely intermixed. This sifted 
soil (about 4 inches deep) is placed upon rougher soil, and below 
this there should be a layer of clinkers, broken bricks, or 
similar material for drainage. The surface is made smooth and 
fairly firm, and the cuttings, which are taken in July, are made 
from side shoots ; 3 inches is a suitable length. They are dibbled 
in the soil about 2 inches apart, and are left in the frames 
until April, when they may be planted out. The frame is kept closed 
for a few weeks after the cuttings are put in. However, every morn- 
ing the moisture should be wiped off the glass coverings. Pansies, 
those with the big handsome flowers of varied colouring, are raised 
from seed sown in early summer. The resulting plants will bloom 
the following year. In the little garden Violas or Tufted Pansies 
are far more serviceable plants than the large flowered florists’ 
Pansies, since they last in beauty throughout a much longer period. 
To my mind they are also more beautiful, especially those of self 
colouring. A: list of varieties is given on p. 93. 
Wallflowers, Cheiranthus Cheiri.—Raised from seed sown in 
April and May to bloom the following spring. Seed is sown thinly 
outdoors on a shady border or in a frame, The seedlings are put 
