HOW TO GROW GRAPES 143 
night is enough for the first three weeks; naturally it will rise 
during the day if the sun comes out. When the thermometer 
reaches 60° a little air is given. One cannot be too careful in giving 
air in early spring when the Vines are beginning to grow. The 
young leaves are most tender and easily injured. Air should always 
be given on the leeward side if possible. As the young shoots grow 
the night temperature may be gradually increased to 50°, in a week 
or two to 60°, giving more air during the day as the weather gets 
warmer. Always give air to prevent the temperature rising too 
high, and never to decrease it. The latter is a very bad practice. 
It will, then, be understood that a little air should be given early in 
the day, gradually increasing the quantity as the sun gains power. 
Throughout the season of growth, except when the Vines are in 
blossom and when the Grapes are ripening, the greenhouse should 
be closed fairly early in the afternoon (before the sun ceases to shine 
on the roof), and the paths and walks of the house thoroughly 
moistened. This produces a warm, moist temperature that en- 
courages quick and vigorous growth. When the Vines are in bloom 
the atmosphere is kept dry, and as much air as possible is given 
consistent with the maintenance of a minimum temperature of 60°. 
Again, when the Grapes begin to colour the atmosphere needs to be 
kept dry, and when the berries commence to ripen plenty of air is 
essential. Black Hamburgh, black; Alicante, black ; Foster’s 
Seedling, white; Buckland Sweetwater, white, are the best sorts 
for an amateur’s greenhouse that can maintain a minimum night 
temperature of 40° after the Vines are started in early March. 
Grapes in an Unheated Greenhouse.—Black Hamburgh 
may be grown well in a greenhouse that is not heated, either 
in a‘border or planted out, but some of those small and delicious 
Grapes such as Royal Muscadine, Chasselas Fontainebleau, Chasse- 
las Grise, and others succeed. ‘The treatment detailed suits these 
also. When Vines are grown in unheated greenhouses it is important 
to close early in the afternoon so as to raise the temperature consider- 
ably, and, to use a term common in garden parlance, “ harbour the 
sun heat.” If the Vines are in pots, these should be 10 inches inside 
diameter. Good turfy soil must be used and made firm about the 
roots. Needless to say, a perfect drainage of crocks (pieces of flower 
pot) at the base is most necessary. The question of giving water, too, 
is one that closely affects the welfare of Vines in pots. When the 
latter are full of roots, water is needed every day, in hot weather 
probably even twice a day. An excellent way of training the shoots 
is to attach them to tall bamboo stakes placed around the edge 
of the pot; they look well and fruit well. In any case, before 
they start into growth the canes should be bent in semicircular 
form, so as to induce the buds at the base as well as those at the top 
to start into growth. 
Apples, Pears, and Plums.—Bush or pyramid shaped Apples 
on the Paradise stock are most suitable for small gardens, the pyramid 
