AND CITY BEAUTIFUL 85 



tree may be trained as it should grow and will need little 

 pruning when old. All suckers whether from the branches 

 or roots should be removed. Prune regularly and systema- 

 tically every year. Trees not properly pruned when set 

 and those that have been neglected require the most care- 

 ful treatment and care. Where the trunk is divided, 

 treatment is required not only to preserve the tree, but to 

 protect life and property. Any severe storm is likely to 

 break down one side injuring everything that comes in its 

 way. One tree in breaking may destroy enough property 

 to pay for fixing a dozen trees. Such trees may be made 

 safe by putting a steal bolt through the trunk just below 

 where they separate and by connecting two bolts ten to fif- 

 teen feet above with a steel chain. The chain allows for 

 the natural movement of the tree. The heads of the bolts 

 should be large and counter-sunk even with the inner bark, 

 so the wound will heal in the shortest possible time. The 

 openings with tar and oakum should be made water tight 

 and the place where the trunk divides should be filled with 

 tarred oakum to prevent water from entering and causing 

 decay. Hollow trees are most trequently caused by improper 

 pruning. When the tree is hollow, it should be treated as 

 a dentist treats a hollow tooth. Clean out all the decay, 

 put on a coat of tar and fill it with cement. The lives of 

 many trees may be saved for years by this treatment. The 

 cement should be mixed thin enough to fill all holes and 

 may be made of one part cement and two parts sand. 

 Large stones may be used to help fill up the cavities. 



For Ornamental Shrubs, prune to give the best 

 effect. If new growths are wanted for twig effects in win- 

 ter as the red and yellow stemed willow, cut everything 

 back near the ground in March. For flowering shrubs 

 prune to preserve the best natural or desired shapes and a 

 medium growth. Long sap growths rarely produce 

 flowers or fruit. 



For Hybrid Roses, cut back Hardy Hybrid roses 

 early in the spring, severely, to about one foot from the 

 ground. Leave but few buds to stimulate as much new 



