AMERICAN POULTRY CULTURE 
ments, but they may be made with one compartment 
or several, just as the owner prefers. Of course, 
the larger the hopper the less frequently it will 
have to be filled. For small chicks they may hold 
only a few quarts, but for adult fowls it is more 
economical to have them hold a bushel or one hun- 
dred pounds of feed, and then they will not need 
to be filled so frequently. In the latter event they 
should be made three or four feet high, and then 
they will not occupy so much floor space. 
The hoppers are replenished with feed from 
openings in their tops, or the entire top may be 
hinged if convenient. The base board at the bot- 
tom of hopper should be high enough to prevent 
waste of feed, but also low enough that the birds 
may eat conveniently. It may vary in height from 
two to four or five inches, according to the size of 
the birds. The trough at the bottom and front of 
hopper, and out of which the birds pick the food, 
should not be deep enough (that is, extend back 
far enough) to allow the fowls to get their feet 
in it and scratch the food out, or to allow small 
chicks to crawl entirely into the receptacle, but 
should allow plenty of room for the bird’s head. 
Pans and troughs are unsatisfactory and away 
behind the times as drinking vessels for poultry. 
Drinking The regular drinking fountains are 
Vessels better in every way; they reduce the 
labor of the attendant because they do not require 
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