THE APPLE 5 



The Paradise Stock. — Much misconception has arisen with regard to this 

 particular stock for grafting, because in the earlier days of its adoption the 

 French variety was in general use. This is a starving stock, and the apple 

 trees grafted upon it are not long-lived. The Nonsuch, Broad-Leaved, Doucin 

 or Dutch, and the true English varieties of the Paradise stock, however, are now 

 generally used, and are found to be quite satisfactory. Apple trees upon these 

 stocks have a vigour equal to those Upon the Crab or Free stock, but at the same 

 time they have the capacity of forming fruit-producing spurs while the trees are 

 quite young ; heavy crops are often taken from trees only two years old, and 

 it is utter nonsense to talk of their giving up or dying out after a few years. 

 There are throughout the country apple trees upon the Paradise stock fifty years 

 old in perfect health and vigour, and it must have been ignorance of their many 

 virtues that caused them to be condemned by the Herefordshire Association so 

 recently as 1900. Bush apple trees upon the above stocks not only produce 

 finer and cleaner fruit, but they bear fruit some five years before trees on the 

 Crab stock, and moreover, often produce freely when the Crab trees are bare. 

 They may be depended upon to keep in good bearing for at least fifty years, 

 provided they are planted so that the junction of scion and stock is below the 

 soil ; eventually they give double the return that can be obtained from orchard 

 trees. Especially is this the case in a good season ; then the fruit from trees 

 on the Paradise stock sells freely, because it is handsome, while orchard fruit 

 is small and comparatively unsaleable. 



Pruning the Apple (Winter) 



Characteristic Leafless Growths.— h. Fruitful spur; (?) blossom bud from which fruit is 

 produced ; {r) side buds forming future spurs for bearing. I. Short shoot terminated by a fruit bud ; (j) 

 blossom bud ; (t) wood buds liliely to form spurs in following summer; (k) point of pruning if desired 

 to originate a growing shoot for furnishing the tree ; this, of course, prevents bearing for some time. 

 J. An extension growth terminated by a blossom bud ; [v) fruit bud, a peculiar mode of bearing in some 

 varieties. K. An incipient spur ; {w) terminal bud, probably developing in following summer into a 

 blossom bud ; (x) side buds usually forming spurs. L. Short stubby shoot vrith wood buds ; {y) buds 

 usually developing spurs in following summer ; (2) basal buds commonly remaining dormant, called 

 latent. M. Side shoot from a branch not pinched in summer ; (a) point of winter pruning, the object 

 being to keep growths near branches, and induce spur formation. N. Branch with characteristic growths 

 (page 2 E, Leafless) ; {J}) basal bud; [c) incipient spurs ; (rf) perfected spur with blossom bud at apex ; 

 (e) short stubby shoot usually forming spurs in following summer ; (/) short shoot intermediate between 

 a spur and growth — terminated by a fruit bud ; {g) side shoots shortened to two buds ; (A) continuation 

 of branch growth shortened to point desired for originating growths to furnish tree with branches for 

 bearing or filling vacant spaces ; (?) continuation shoot ; (/') side shoots ; if not so desired growth left 

 intact, o. A pinched side shoot, winter pruned (page 2 G, Leafless) ; (^) bud started, and not desirable 

 as a pruning bud ; (/) buds plump, and likely to form spurs in following season ; (m) basal bud, not 

 usually starting into growth the next spring, but remaining latent. P. Branch in very desirable state 

 (n a, not shortened) ; («) a shortened side shoot having in previous year (n^) formed spurs ; {0) spiu*s ; 

 \p) continuation shoot ; i=one year, 2=two year, and 3=three years' old wood. Q. Three years' old 

 wood (n as far as g) \ (q) basal bud ; (r) spurs having formed blossom buds ; {s) spur that fruited 

 previous summer and side buds developed into incipient spurs ; {t) short shoot having formed two 

 blossom buds and three incipient spurs ; (a) shoot intermediate between a spur and a shoot which 

 has fruited and developed two spurs with blossom bud and three incipient spurs ; (z*) points of 

 shortening when desired to keep spurs near branch — this is best done after the fruit is gathered ; {w] 

 shortened side shoots having formed spurs. R. Extremity of branch with fruit buds at points ; (x] 

 blossom buds ; [y) growth with wood buds usually developing into spurs the following season ; (a) two 

 years' old wood ; this is a common mode of bearing with some varieties, and with most when the trees 

 are fully grown. 



