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THE FRUIT GARDEN 



sacrificed. This system is not recommended where heavy crops are the chief 

 desideratum. The single cordons should be planted 1 8 inches apart,and the double 



Modified Fan and Horizontal Training 



Three-year trained tree on a s feet high espalier ; point of cutting back maiden 

 tree is about 12 inches from ground ; (u) point of shortening leader at second 

 pruning to 1 foot ; (v) point of cutting back side shoots to 6 inches ; (w) point of 

 shortening leader at third pruning ; (j;)point of shortening side shoots at third 

 pruning ; [y] branches originated for covering the trellis. This method com- 

 bines the principles of the fan and horizontal training. The tree is trained 

 with an upright stem, the maiden growth and the subsequent leading growths 

 are shortened each year to 12 inches, and side growths originated at this dis- 

 tance. They are shortened to 6 inches so as to produce two vigorous growths 

 from each, training them as shown. In this particular the system is that of 

 the fan, but when the several growths reach their respective wires of the trellis 

 each is trained horizontally. By this mode the trellis is furnished with branches 

 in four years from the bud instead of six years, as by the horizontal method. 

 The system is applicable to any height of espalier or wall, and obviously 

 doubles the speed of forming branches for horizontal training in all but the 

 first and last years of shortening the leader. 



cordons 3 feet apart. In the first instance I recommended single cordons as best, 

 for the reason that when the single cordon has reached the top of the wall it is 

 an advantage to the tree to encourage a second cordon from the base of the stem, 



Single and Double Horizontal Cordons 



Properly planted and secured to wire not less than i foot from ground ; (s) maiden tree planted at an 

 angle of 45° ; (a) horizontal wire. The tree if well rooted and not unduly vigorous may be left 

 intact, if not well rooted, shorten to the cross line, about one-third of its length. In the spring 

 after planting cut off all growths below the wire and take forward a strong leading shoot from the 

 upper part and train it horizontally. AH others having made five or six joints of wood stop back 

 to three or four leaves, cutting them in autumn to one or two buds. It is not necessary to shorten 

 the leading growth until its limit is reached. Double horizontal cordon, one year trained : {&) point 

 of cutting back maiden tree ; {c) shoots to form branches, all others rubbed off. 



with the object of converting the single into a double cordon. This new 

 development will give the single cordon more room and result in healthier 



