FRUIT CULTURB: in FRANCE 



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from the ground. Each of the shoots is trained horizontally, and then raised 

 upwards at a distance of om.io (the peach at a distance of om.2o) from the 

 axis, in order to form the two arms of the U. There is nothing else to do 

 except to train the branches successively, and to secure a good growth both 

 right and left. For the double U, which is the symmetrical form par excellence^ 

 cut the maiden to two buds at om.20 (the peach at om.30) from the ground. 

 Train the two shoots horizontally, and raise them om.30 (the peach at om.50) 

 from the axis ; then cut them back to two buds om.io or om.12 above the 

 horizontal branch (the peach at om.i8 or om.20), in order to obtain shoots 



.GPS 



U-Shaped Pear 

 Tree 



XS U (Double U) Form 

 OF Training 



for the frame, that is, the two branches of the U. The U and the double U 

 forms fruit freely. 



The Vertical Cordon. — This is only used for covering very high walls 

 or pillars. It is also used for varieties which are not very vigorous, especially 

 in small gardens where there is but little space. Cut back the stem each year 

 according to its vigour. The distance apart for planting is om.40. 



Oblique Cordons. — These are particularly suited to small gardens, for 

 the reason that they are easily formed and permit of a great number of varieties 

 being grown in a given space. The oblique cordon is also useful for sloping 

 land, for poor soils, and for non-vigorous growing varieties. Finally, if a tree 

 should perish, it does not leave a large gap, and can easily be replaced even by 

 training in the branch of its neighbour. 



Oblique cordons, with the exception of those at either end of the wall or 

 fence, have one stem only. There are no branches other than the short fruit 

 spurs. All incline in the same direction on the wall, at an angle of about 60 

 degs., from the horizontal, towards the south if they are planted on walls 

 facing east or west, and towards the east if on a south wall. On sloping 

 ground this rule is disregarded, and the trees are trained in the direction of the 



