378 



THE FRUIT GARDEN 



THE VINE 



The vine dreads hard frosts, and unless sheltered situations with good 

 aspects be found for it, spring frosts will often spoil the prospects of a good crop. 

 Moreover, to ripen the fruit a rather high temperature is necessary, which is 

 tantamount to saying that with the exception of a few early varieties, such as 

 Black Madeline^ the Golden Chasselas, and a few others, recourse must be had to 

 walls facing the east and south for vine culture in the neighbourhood of Paris. 



The soil must be good, rather light, siliceous, or calcareous. As the roots 



Single Cordon Vines 



spread there is no need of great depth of soil. The vine is propagated in several 

 ways : by cuttings, layers, or grafting. This last method is generally em- 

 ployed in order to utilise certain " stocks " which withstand the phylloxera. 



Forms. — The vine is cultivated in the ancient " Thomery " form, as 

 vertical cordons and palmates. 



Planting varies according to the form of tree. For the " Thomery " each 

 side of the horizontal cordon has about im.50 space, that is 3 metres for the 

 entire cordon. For simple palmates the distance apart is I metre ; and for 

 alternate palmates, om.50 or om.6o. For ordinary cordons, 2 metres ; and 

 for cordons with long shoots, i m. or im.50. 



Planting. — The soil having been first prepared and strongly manured, a 



