CARNIVORES IN CAPTIVITY II! 
essential to remove the males from the troupe altogether dur- 
ing certain periods. Where the trainer omits to do this, he 
runs great risk of trouble, and he himself may be mauled. 
Even with my best four-footed friends, I have found that 
during these periods they are apt to be surly and quite in- 
tractable. The ardour of these animals is boiling hot, and 
their jealousy of any possible rival is even greater than their 
tenderness towards the object of their affection. It is very 
remarkable, too, that a love-sick lion is not only jealous of his 
own kind, but also of any human being—the keeper not ex- 
cepted—who may happen to approach his cage. 
It is my experience that lions, if they are well taken care 
of, will frequently live for more than thirty years. It happens 
sometimes that animals come into my possession, which I 
have previously known well, perhaps years before. For in- 
stance, in a menagerie which I purchased a few years ago 
there was a lioness that I had already possessed twenty 
years earlier. It was of course difficult to find a purchaser 
for her. At that time I had just supplied a lioness for breed- 
ing purposes to the Zoological Gardens at Cologne, but 
Director Funk, who at that time had the management of the 
institution, was not quite satisfied with the specimen. I 
therefore invited him to come to Hamburg to choose another, 
and in this way it came about that the old lioness was paid 
a great compliment. She was very well preserved, was of 
unusual beauty, and still possessed her full set of teeth. 
Moreover, when I came up to her cage, accompanied by Mr. 
Funk, she sprang to and fro vigorously in her delight at see- 
ing me. Thus it happened that of all the lionesses, Mr. 
Funk decided to choose this one. When I told him the 
true state of affairs—which was, perhaps, ungallant to the 
old lioness, but was honourable to the would-be purchaser— 
he refused to believe me, and supposed that I was unwilling 
to sell such a beautiful specimen. If I had allowed him to 
take her, however, he would not have derived much satis- 
faction from this brood-lioness, for according to my experience 
