TRAINING WILD ANIMALS 123 
the official invoice to the station and refused to take delivery 
of the cask. Myers next tried to bring an action against me, 
but here too he failed, for when the lion’s remains were ex- 
amined it was proved that he died from ill usage. The skin 
around the vital parts was covered with extravasated blood, and 
all over the body there were marks of the terrible blows which 
the animal had received at the hands of the people who had 
rescued Cooper at the time of the accident. 
The treatment which the animals received from the old 
German animal trainers—such as Kreutzberg, Martin, Kallen- 
berg, Preuscher, Schmidt, Dagersell, and Kaufmann, all of 
whom travelled mainly in Germany and Austria—was on the 
whole less cruel than that I have just been describing, for 
they used to exhibit only such animals as had been tamed 
from their earliest days and which were therefore much less 
difficult to train. Some of these men used to give quite 
interesting performances, although, as they exhibited in small 
waggon-cages (contrasts indeed to the great arenas which are 
now used) it was not really possible for them to accomplish 
much. 
A son of the old Kreutzberg introduced a new branch of 
animal performance, which in barbarity it would be difficult 
to surpass. When Karl Kreutzberg was travelling through 
Spain with a troupe of seven lions, obtained from me, the 
people wished him to show them a fight between a lion and 
a bull. Kreutzberg was an enterprising fellow. He foresaw 
the popularity of the proposed exhibition, and, immediately 
falling in with the idea, set to work in an ingenious manner 
to make the performance, brutal as it was, a success. Kreutz- 
berg had hitherto been giving his performances in the oval 
waggon-cages, which were then general, and are still some- 
times to be seen. For the lion and bull fight, however, he 
had an especially large cage constructed, and devised a 
clever plan for bringing the two beasts into collision. The 
bull was led round and round the lion’s cage. The lion, 
maddened with hunger—he had received no food—made 
