Climate of Middle Illinois. '"'"" ^ " 



Cacalia tuberosa; in July, Silphium laciniatunj, terebinthinaceum and 

 integrifolium, Echinacea angustifolia, Coreopsis palmata and lanceolata, 

 Rudbeckia hirta and subtomentosa, Lepacbys pinnata, Asclepias tuberosa 

 and verticillata, Euphorbia corollata, Petalostemon violaceum and candi- 

 dum, Amorpha canescens, Desmodium Illinoense, Ruellia ciliosa, CallirhcE 

 triangulata, Potentilla arguta and Erynchium yuccaef olium ; in August, 

 Helianthus rigidus and occidentalism Solidago rigida and missouriensis, 

 Hieraeium longipilum, Diplopappus linariifolius, Liatris cylindracea, scar- 

 iosa and pycnostachya, Prenanthes aspera, Gnaphalium polycephalura, 

 Chrysopsis villosa; lastly in September, Aster sericeus, azureus, oblongi- 

 folius, multiflorus and ericoides and Gentiana puberula. Number, size and 

 color make these most characteristic members of the prairie flora conspic- 

 uous; besides ought to be mentioned a number of tajl gregarious grasses: 

 Chrysopogon nutans, Andropogon furcatus and scoparius, Kceleria cristata, 

 Batonia obtusata, Elymus canadensis Stipa spartea and Sporobolus 

 heterolepis. 



The flora of the wet prairies is mixed with the species of the neigh- 

 boring banks, swamps and bottom-wood and differs according to the soil 

 (sand or silt). The most conspicuous species are in spring: Menyanthes 

 trifoliata, Scilla Fraseri, Allium canadense; in summer. Spiraea lobata. 

 Phlox glaberrima, Asclepias SuUivantii, Sagif raga pennsylvanica, Phaseolus 

 diversifolius, Steironema longifolia and lanceolata, Ipomoea lacunosa, 

 Habenaria leucophsea; in fall, Boltonia asteroides (glaistifolia) Prenanthes 

 racemosa, Solidago neglecta, Riddellii and ohioensis, Helianthus giganteus 

 Gentiana Andrewsii and Polygonum ramosissimum — the latter often six 

 feet high. Besides there are many Cyperaceae: Seirpus lineatus and 

 atrovirens, Cyperus erythrorhizus, Michauxianus and strigosus, Carex vul- 

 pinoidea, crus corvi, stipata, conjuncta, arida, scoparia, straminea, cristata, 

 hystricina, tentaculata and some tall grasses: Calamagrostis canadensis, 

 Leersia lenticularis and Spartina cynosuroides. 



WATER, SWAMP AND MOIST PLACES. 



From the foot of the eastern bluffs numerous springs rush in small 

 beds toward the lower bottom land or form swampy places of little exten- 

 sion. There we find Caltha palustris, Cardamine rhomboidea, Parnassia 

 caroliniana. Arch angelica atropurpurea. Aster corymbosus, umbellatus and 

 infirmus, Solidago patula, Cnicus muticus, Archemora rigida, Lysimachia 

 thyrsifiora, Gerardia purpurea, Chelone glabra, Seymeria macrophylla, 

 Symplocarpus foetidus, Peltandra yirginica, Habenaria hyperborea, Cypri- 

 pedium candidum and spectabile; in the running water: Mimulus lamesii 

 Ludwigia palustris, Berula angustifolia, Veronica Anagallis and ameri- 

 cana, Callitriche heterophylla and Anacharis canadensis. 



