34 GENUS PINUS 



the seed-wing in the cone is due to adhesion. Many seeds fall with their wings intact, others break 

 away from the wing which, after a while, loosens and also falls. 

 Plate XI. 



Figs. 114, 115, Three cones and seed. Fig. 116, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. 



9. PINUS PEUCE 



1844 P. PEUCE Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. ii. 349. 



1865 P. EXCELSA Hooker in Jour. Linn. Soc. viii. 145. (not Wallich). 



Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 7 to 10 cm. long, erect, serrulate; stomata ventral only; 

 resin-ducts external. Connective of pollen-sacs small and narrow. Cones deciduous, from 8 to 15 cm. 

 long, subcylindrical, often curved, the peduncle short; apophyses tawny yellow, prominently and 

 abruptly convex, the umbo against the scale beneath; seed- wing long. 



A tree of the Balkan Mountains, very hardy and bearing abundant fruit in the gardens of both 

 hemispheres. The cone resembles that of P. excelsa, but is prevalently much shorter and with a rela- 

 tively shorter peduncle. Its leaves are also much shorter and are always erect. A curious difference 

 is found in the connectives of the pollen-sacs, small in pence (fig. 113), large in excelsa (fig. 110). 

 The convexity of its apophyses distinguishes the cone from those of P. monticola and P. strobus. 

 Beissner followed Hooker and named this species excelsa, var. pence, in the first edition of his 

 Handbuch (1891), but in the second edition he restored the Balkan Pine to specific standing. 



Plate XI. 



Fig. Ill, Cone and seed. Fig. 112, Leaf -fascicle and magnified leaf -section. Fig. 113, Pollen^ 



sacs and connective magnified. 



10. PINUS EXCELSA 



1824 P. EXCELSA Wallich ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. ii, 5, t. 3. 



1845 P. NEPALENSis De Chambray, Arbr. Resin. 342. 



1854 P. Griffithii McClelland in Griffith, Notul. PI. Asiat. iv, 17; Icon. PI. Asiat. t. 365. 



Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 10 to 18 cm. long, drooping, serrulate; stomata ventral only; 

 resin-ducts external but often with a medial ventral duct. Connective of the pollen-sacs large. Cones 

 from 15 to 25 cm. long, narrow-cylindrical; apophyses tawny yellow or pale fulvous brown, promi- 

 nently convex, the umbo against the apophysis beneath ; seeds with a long wing. 



A tree with gray-green drooping foliage, found, with some interruptions, along the Himalayas. 

 It furnishes resin, tar and wood of considerable value. It is cultivated in all temperate climates and 

 is a familiar tree of American and European gardens. Madden states that the foliage of P. excelsa is 

 sometimes erect and is occasionally bright green. Such variations are often met in other species of 

 Pinus. Usually the drooping gray-green foliage and the peculiar cone are sufficient for the recognition 

 of this species. The not infrequent presence of a medial duct and the large connective are valuable 

 aids for identifying it. 



Plate XI. 



Fig. 108, Cone and seed. Fig. 109, Leaf-fascicle and magnified section of two leaves. Fig. 



110, Pollen-sacs and connective magnified. 



11. PINUS MONTICOLA 



1837 P. MONTICOLA Douglas ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. iii. t. 

 1884 P. poRPHYROCARPA Lawson, Pinet. Brit. i. 83, ff. 



Spring-shoots pubescent. Leaves from 4 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata ventral or rarely with 

 a few dorsal stomata; resin-ducts external. Cones from 10 to 25 cm. long, cylindical or tapering, 

 sometimes curved; apophyses brown-ochre or fulvous brown, thin, smooth, conforming to the sur- 

 face of the cone, the apex sometimes slightly prolonged and reflexed, the umbo not quite touching the 

 surface of the scale below. 



