42 GENUS PINUS 



or often pseudolateral, their scales gradually narrowed into a spine. Cones from 5 to 7 cm. long, 

 short-pedunculate, short-ovate; apophyses dull pale nut-brown, elevated along a transverse keel, the 

 dark brown umbo forming a spine with a broad base; seeds with a short loosely attached wing, some- 

 times remaining in the cone when the short-ovate nut falls. 



A tree cultivated about the temples of China and recently found by Wilson growing on the 

 mountains of Hupeh. The earlier parti-colored bark changes to chalky white on old trunks, by which 

 the tree is recognized from a great distance. The stem of the tree is often multiple by the vertical 

 growth of some of the lower branches. It is very hardy and is cultivated in Europe and America, 

 although these cultivated trees are not yet of suflBcient age to show the remarkable white trunk. 



Plate XIV. 



Fig. 138, Cone and cone-scale with adhering wing. Fig. 139, Seed and wing. Fig. 140, 

 Leaf -fascicle and magnified leaf -section. Fig. 141, Parti-colored bark. Fig. 142, Tree with 

 white trunk. 



17. PINUS GERARDIANA 



1832 P. Gerardiana Wallich ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. ed. 8vo, ii. t. 79. 

 Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 6 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata dorsal and ventral; 

 resin-ducts external. Scales of the conelet armed with a short spine. Cones from 9 to 15 cm. long, 

 short-pedunculate, ovoid or oblong; apophyses fidvous brown, very thick, with a prominent reflexed 

 or erect protuberance culminating in an umbo on which the spine is more or less persistent; nuts 

 remarkably long, narrow, terete, the shell fragile, the short wing falling with the nut or adhering to 

 the adjacent scale. 



A tree of the northwestern Himalayas found on the borders of Cashmere and Thibet and in Kafir- 

 istan and north Afghanistan, and so highly prized for its nuts that it is rarely felled for its wood. 

 It grows in dry regions and rarely attains a height of 20 metres. Attempts to cultivate this species, 

 even in the milder parts of Great Britain, have generally failed. 



The apophysis of the cone varies much in prominence (figs. 134, 135), but the peculiar seed is 

 invariable and quite unlike that of any other Pine. The general color of the trunk at a distance 

 is silver-gray. 



Plate XIV. 



Fig. 133, Cone. Fig. 134, Cone-scale with adhering seed-wing. Fig. 135, Cone-scale of 

 flatter form. Fig. 136, Seed and wing. Fig. 137, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. 



VI. BALFOURIANAE 



Seeds with long effective wings. Leaves entire, in fascicles of 5, the sheath deciduous. 



The two species known as Foxtail Pines are alike in their short entire falcate leaves, persisting for 

 many years and forming long dense foliage-masses. They differ in the armature of their cones and 

 in their seed- wings. The presence of both adnate and articulate wings in these closely related species 

 suggests that these two forms of wing are not fundamentally distinct. 



Cone-scales short-mucronate, the seed-wing adnate 18. Balfouriana. 



Cone-scales long-aristate, the seed-wing articulate 19. aristata. 



18. PINUS BALFOURIANA 



1853 P. Balfouriana Balfour in Bot. Exp. Oregon, 1, f. 

 Spring-shoots somewhat puberulent. Leaves from 2 to 4 cm. long, persistent for many years; 

 stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external. Scales of the conelet short-mucronate. Cones from 7 to 

 12 cm. long, tapering to a rounded apex, short-pedunculate; apophyses dark terracotta-brown, 

 tumid, the umbo bearing a short recumbent prickle; seed with a long adnate wing. 



