56 GENUS PINUS 



into uncinate beaks of various lengths, the last much more developed on the posterior face of the 

 cone, the umbo bordered by a narrow dark ring and bearing the remnant of the mucro. 



P. montana grows as a bush or as a small tree, the two forms often associated. It ranges from central 

 Spain through the Pyrenees, Alps and Apennines to the Balkan Mountains, associated with P. cem- 

 bra at higher, with P. sylvestris at lower altitudes. It grows indifferently in bogs and on rocky slopes. 

 Its dwarf form, under the name of the Mugho Pine, is extensively cultivated as a garden ornament. 



On the differences of the cone this species has been divided into three subspecies: uncinata, with 

 an oblique cone and protuberant apophyses; pumilio, with a symmetrical cone and an excentric 

 umbo; mughus, with a symmetrical cone and a concentric umbo. Other segregations based on the 

 degree of development of the apophysis and on the size and color of the cone, have received names of 

 four or even five terms — Pinus montana pumilio applanata — or Pinus montana uncinata rostrata 

 castanea etc., etc. These elaborations may be seen in the Tharand Jahrbuch of 1861, p. 166, and 

 with them appear also Hartig's specifications of 60 forms of this species, each dignified with a Latin 

 name. 



Plate XXI. 



Fig. 186, Cone of var. uncinata. Figs. 187, 188, Cones. Fig. 189, Leaf-fascicles, magnified 

 leaf-section and more magnified dermal tissues of the leaf. Fig. 190, Tree and dwarf-form 

 of the Pyrenees. 



31. PINUS LUCHUENSIS 



1894 P. LUCHUENSIS Mayr in Bot. Centralbl. Iviii. 149, f. 

 Spring-shoots uninodal. Bark-formation late, the upper trunk covered with a smooth cortex. 

 Leaves binate, from 12 to 16 cm. long, the epiderm thick, hypoderm of two or three rows of cells; 

 resin-ducts medial or with an occasional external duct. Conelets mucronate toward the apex. Cones 

 from 3 to 6 cm. long, ovate-conic, symmetrical; apophyses lustrous nut-brown, transversely carinate, 

 the umbo unarmed. 



This Pine is known to me through Mayr's description and a single dried specimen. The smooth 

 cortex of young trees distinguishes it from all other east- Asiatic Hard Pines. Mayr includes under 

 this species the Pine of Hong Kong. But in this he must be mistaken, for there is no species yet 

 found in China that agrees with the description of P. luchuensis. 



Plate XXII. 



Fig. 191, Cone. Fig. 192, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. 



32. PINUS THUNBERGII 



1784 P. SYLVESTRIS Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274 (not Linnaeus). 



1842 P. Massoniana Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 24, t. 113 (not Lambert). 



1868 P. Thunbergii Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 388. 



Spring-shoots uninodal. Buds of leading-shoots white and conspicuous. Leaves binate, from 6 to 

 11 cm. long, the epiderm thick, hypoderm strong, resin-ducts medial. Conelets with short-mucronate 

 scales. Cones from 4 to 6 cm. long, ovate or ovate-conic, symmetrical; apophyses nut-brown, flat or 

 convex and transversely carinate, the prickle of the umbo more or less persistent. 



The Black Pine of Japan has been cultivated for centuries, and by skillful Japanese gardeners has 

 been trained into dwarf and other curious forms. It is hardy in cold-temperate climates. It is dis- 

 tinct from P. densiflora by the medial ducts of its leaf, from P. nigra by the fewer, larger, brown 

 scales of its cone, and from P. resinosa by the armature of its conelet. It appears in most determina- 

 tions of Chinese collections, but there is no Chinese Pine with the white buds and the medial leaf- 

 ducts of this species. 



Plate XXII. 



Fig. 196, Two cones. Fig. 197, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. 



