PINUS 



1755 PiNUS Duhamel, Traite des Arbres, ii. 121. 



1790 Apinus Necker, Elem. Bot. iii. 269. 



1852 Cembra Opiz, Seznam, 27. 



1854 Strobus Opiz, Lotos, iv. 94. 



1903 Caryopitts Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29. 



Leaves and shoots dimorphous, primary leaves on long shoots, secondary leaves on dwarf shoots. 

 Flowers diclinous, the pistillate taking the place of long shoots, the staminate taking the place of 

 dwarf shoots. Growth of wood and fruit emanating from the nodes; buds, branchlets and cones, 

 therefore, in verticillate association. Leaves and staminate flowers in internodal position, the pri- 

 mary leaves along the whole length of the internode, subtending secondary leaf-fascicles on the apical, 

 staminate flowers on the basal part. Buds compounded of minute buds in the axils of bud-scales, 

 becoming the bracts of the spring-shoot. Branchlets of one or more internodes, each internode in 

 three parts — a length without leaves, a length bearing leaves and a node of buds. Cone requiring 

 two, rarely three years to mature, displaying its annual growths by distinct areas on each scale. Seeds 

 wingless or winged, edible and nutritious. 



The Pines are confined to the northern hemisphere, but grow in all climates and under all condi- 

 tions of soil, temperature and humidity where trees can grow. Some of the species are of very re- 

 stricted range, but others are adaptable and can cover wide areas. The sixty-six species are distri- 

 buted as follows — 



Eastern Hemisphere, 23. 



1 exclusively African (Canary Islands). 



2 exclusively European. 



3 about the Mediterranean Basin. 



2 common to Europe and northern Asia. 



14 exclusively Asiatic. 



Western Hemisphere, 43. 



28 in western North America, of which 12 are confined to Mexico and Central America. 



15 in eastern North America, of which 2 are exclusively West Indian. 



The two sections of the genus correspond with those of Koehne (Deutsch. Dendrol. 28 [1893]) and 

 his two names, Haploxylon and Diploxylon, are adopted here, together with his two subsections of 

 Haploxylon, Cembra and Paracembra. 



Of the two subsections of Diploxylon, Pinaster has been employed by Endlicher (Syn. Conif. 166 

 [1847]) and later authors for smaller or larger groups of Hard Pines. The subsection Parapinaster 

 is now proposed. 



The names of groups, Cembrae, Strobi, Cembroides, Gerardianae, Balfourianae, Pineae, Lari- 

 ciones and Australes, are taken from Engelmann's Revision of the Genus Pinus (Trans. Acad. Sci. 

 St. Louis, iv. 175-178 [1880]). The remainder, Flexiles, Leiophyllae, Longifoliae, Insignes and 

 Macrocarpae, are here proposed. 



In order to bring the illustrations within the limits of the page the dimensions of cone and leaf, 

 as shown on the plates, are a little smaller than life. In plates X and XXV the reproductions of the 

 cones are reduced to f life-size. 



