58 GENUS PINUS 



33. PINUS NIGRA 



1785 P. NIGRA Arnold, Reise n. Mariaz. 8, t. 



1804 P. LABicio Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. v. 339. 



1808 P. HALEPENSis Bieberstein, Fl. Taur. Cauc. ii. 408 (not Miller). 



1809 P. PINASTER Besser, Fl. Galic. ii. 294 (not Alton). 



1813 P. MARiTiMA Alton, f. Hort. Kew. v. 315 (not Lambert). 



1816 P. SYLVESTBI8 Baumgattcn, Stirp. Transsilv. ii. 304 (not Linnaeus). 



1818 P. PYRENAiCA Lapeyrouse, Hist. PI. Pyren. Suppl. 146. 



1824 P. Pallasiana Lambert, Gen. Pin. ii. 1, t. 1. 



1825 P. AUSTRiACA Hoss in Flora, viii-1, Beil. 113. 

 1831 P. NIGRICANS Host, Fl. Austr. ii. 628. 



1842 P. DALMATiCA Vlslani, Fl. Dalmat. 199, note. 



1851 P. Salzmanni Dunal in Mem. Acad. Montp. ii. 82, tt. 



1863 P. Heldreichii Christ in Verb. Nat. Ges. Basel, iii. 549. 



1864 P. LEUCODERMis Antoine in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xiv. 366. 

 1896 P. piNDiCA Formanek in Verb. Nat. Ver. Brtinn, xxxiv. 272. 



Spring-shoots uninodal. Leaves binate, from 9 to 16 cm. long, the epiderm thick, hypoderm con- 

 spicuous, resin-ducts medial. Conelets mucronate. Cones from 4 to 8 cm. long, subsessile, symmet- 

 rical; apophyses lustrous, tawny yellow, transversely carinate, the keel strongly convex, the mucro 

 of the umbo more or less persistent. 



A valuable tree unequally distributed over the mountain slopes of central and southern Europe 

 and Asia Minor. The typical form, under the name of the Austrian Pine, is a familiar exotic of the 

 Middle and Eastern States of America. As Mathieu states (Flore Forest., ed. 4, 597), this species is 

 quite constant in cone and bark. It may be added that the anatomy of the leaf is also constant, while 

 the dimensions of both leaf and cone present no unusual variations. The varieties generally accepted 

 are founded on the habit of the tree, a character of forestal or horticultural rather than of botanical 

 importance. 



Plate XXII. 



Fig. 193, Two cones. Fig. 194, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 195, Magni- 

 fied dermal tissues of the leaf. 



34. PINUS MERKUSII 



1790 P. SYLVESTRis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. ii. 579 (not Linnaeus). 



1845 P. Merkusii De Vriese, PI. Nov. Ind. Bat. 5, t. 2. 



1847 P. FiNLAYsoNiANA Wallich ex Blume, Rumphia, iii. 210. 



1849 P. Latteri Mason in Jour. Asiat. Soc. i. 74. 



Spring-shoots uninodal. Leaves binate, slender, from 15 to 20 cm. long, the hypoderm of uniform 

 thick-walled cells, resin-ducts medial, or with internal or septal ducts, endoderm-cells very unequal 

 in size, some of them large. Conelets unarmed. Cones from 5 to 8 cm. long, peculiarly narrow- 

 cylindrical, symmetrical; apophyses lustrous, rufous brown, radially carinate, the transverse keel 

 prominent. 



Of the habit of this Pine I know nothing. As a species it is very clearly defined by its peculiar cone 

 and leaf-section. It grows in the Philippines, Sumatra, Lower Burmah and western Indo-China. 

 In my specimen the pits of the ray-cells of the wood are both large and small. In this particular 

 it may belong in either of two groups of species. Its uniform leaf-hypoderm associates it with this 

 group or with P. halepensis of the Insignes. I have assumed the cone to be dehiscent at maturity and 

 have placed it with the Lariciones, but if further information shows the cone to be serotinous, this 

 species should be transferred to the serotinous group. 



Plate XXIII. 



Fig. 198, Cone. Fig. 199, Magnified sections of two leaves. Fig, 200, Leaf-fascicle. 



