72 GENUS PINUS 



from 5 to 15 cm. long, ovate or oblong-ovate, symmetrical, deciduous and leaving often a few basal 

 scales on the branch; apophyses lustrous, rufous-brown, tumid, the umbo somewhat salient and 

 minutely mucronate. 



The northern limit of the range of P. caribaea extends from the coast of southeastern S. Carolina 

 through southeastern Georgia and southern Alabama to southeastern Louisiana. It is associated 

 with P. palustris, taeda, serotina, echinata and glabra in this part of its range. It continues through 

 Florida, where it encounters P. clausa. On the Bahamas it is the only Pine. On the Isle of Pines it 

 finds in P. tropicalis another associate. It also grows in Honduras and Guatemala. The wood and 

 resin of this species are of such excellent quality that no commercial distinction is made between P. 

 caribaea and P. palustris. 



Plate XXIX. 



Fig. 250, Cone from the Isle of Pines. Fig. 251, Small form of cone. Fig. 252, Large form 

 of cone and binate leaf-fascicle. Fig. 253, Conelet. Fig. 254, Magnified sections of leaves 

 from binate and ternate fascicles. Fig, 255, Habit of the tree, contrasted with a tree of P. palus- 

 tris in the middle-distance. 



45. PINUS TAEDA 



1753 P. TAEDA Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 1000. 



1788 P. LUTEA Walter Fl. Carol. 237. 



1903 P. HETEROPHYLLA Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 28 (not Sudworth). 



Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves in fascicles of 3, from 12 to 25 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, 

 sometimes with an internal duct, hypoderm biform, endoderm with thin outer walls. Conelets erect, 

 their scales prolonged into a sharp point. Cones from 6 to 10 cm. long, ovate-conic, symmetrical; 

 apophyses dull pale nut-brown, rarely lustrous, elevated along a transverse keel, the whole umbo 

 forming a stout triangular spine with slightly concave sides. 



The species ranges from southern New Jersey to southern Arkansas, Oklahoma, eastern Texas 

 and southwestern Tennessee, but does not occur in the lower half of the Florida peninsula. It is an 

 important timber-tree, manufactured into all descriptions of scantlings, boarding and finish, but the 

 wood is of various qualities. It may be recognized by the spine of its cone in both years of growth. 

 Excepting the formidable armature of the cone of P. pungens, the spines are the strongest and 

 most persistent of all the species of eastern North America. 



Plate XXX. 



Fig. 264, Cone. Fig. 265, Leaf-fascicle. Fig. 266, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 267, Mag- 

 nified scales of the conelet. 



46. PINUS GLABRA 



1788 P. GLABRA Walter, Fl. Carol. 237. 

 Spring-shoots multinodal. Bark-formation late, the upper trunks of mature trees smooth. Leaves 

 in fascicles of 2, from 9 to 12 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm weak, sometimes of a single row, 

 biform when of two rows, endoderm with thin outer walls. Conelets reflexed, mucronate. Cones 

 from 4 to 7 cm. long, reflexed, ovate, symmetrical, deciduous on some trees, persistent on others; 

 apophyses pale dull nut-brown, thin or slightly thickened, the prickle usually deciduous. 



A tree that sometimes attains important dimensions, growing singly or in small groves from the 

 neighborhood of Charleston, S. C, to eastern Louisiana and central Mississippi, most abundant in a 

 strip of territory on either side of the northern boundary of Florida. Among the Pines of the south- 

 eastern United States it is the only species with late bark-formation, and is therefore easily iden- 

 tified. 



Plate XXX. 



Fig. 256, Cone. Fig. 257, Enlarged scale of the conelet. Fig. 258, Leaf-fascicle and 

 magnified leaf-section. Fig. 259, Dermal tissues of the leaf magnified, with a double row of 

 hypoderm cells. 



