74 GENUS PINUS 



47. PINUS ECHINATA 



1768 P. ECHINATA Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8. 



1788 P. SQUARROSA Walter, Fl. Carol. 237. 



1803 P. MiTis Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 204. 



1803 P. VARIABILIS Lambert, Gen. Pin. i. 22, t. 15. 



1854 P. RoYLEANA Jamieson in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. ix. 52, f. 



Spring-shoots multinodal, somewhat pruinose. Bark forming early, rough on the upper trunk. 

 Leaves in fascicles of 2 and 3, from 7 to 12 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, with an occasional internal 

 duct, hypoderm weak, biform when of two rows of cells, endoderm with thin outer walls. Cone- 

 lets mucronate. Cones from 4 to 6 cm. long, ovate-conic, symmetrical, often persistent; apophyses 

 dull pale nut-brown, thin or somewhat thickened along a transverse keel, the umbo salient, the 

 mucro more or less persistent. 



This species ranges from southeastern New York to northern Florida, to West Virginia and east- 

 ern Tennessee, and through the Gulf States to eastern Louisiana, eastern Texas, southern Missouri 

 and southwestern Illinois. It is extensively manufactured into material of all kinds that enters 

 into the construction of buildings. It differs from P. virginiana in its longer leaves, brittle branches, 

 and much greater height, from P. glabra in its rough upper trunk, and from both by the frequent 

 presence of trimerous leaf-fascicles. 



Of the six or seven pines of the southeastern United States, this species covers a larger area and 

 ascends the slopes of the Alleghany Mountains far enough to meet the northern species, P. virginiana, 

 P. rigida, and P. strobus. Unlike the western members of this group, P. echinata and its associates 

 are not variable. Their characters are singularly constant, as their limited synonymy and total lack 

 of varietal names attest. 



Plate XXX. 



Fig. 260, Cone. Fig. 261, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section from a ternate fascicle. 

 Fig. 262, Magnified leaf-section from a binate fascicle. Fig. 263, Multinodal branchlet bear- 

 ing lateral and subterminal conelets and a ripe cone. Figs. 257, showing mucronate scales 

 of the conelet, and 259, showing dermal tissues of the leaf, are applicable also to this species. 



