84 GENUS PINUS 



56. PINUS PUNGENS 



1803 P. TAEDA Lambert, Gen. Pin. i. t. 16, (as to cone), (not Linnaeus). 



1806 P. PUNGENS Lambert in Ann. Bot. ii. 198. 



1852 P. MONTANA Noll, Bot. Class Book, 340. (not Miller). 



Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate or ternate, from 3 to 7 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, or 

 with an occasional internal duct, hypoderm biform. Scales of the conelet much prolonged into a Vicry 

 acute triangle. Cones from 5 to 9 cm. long, symmetrical or subsymmetrical, tenaciously persistent, 

 serotinous; apophyses lustrous or sublustrous fulvous brown, much elevated along a transverse keel, 

 the umbo forming a stout formidable spine, uniform or nearly uniform on all faces of the cone. 



A mountain species ranging from central Pennsylvania to northern Georgia, with isolated stations 

 in western New Jersey and Maryland. It is remarkable among the Pines of eastern North America 

 for the size and strength of the spines of its cone. The armature resembles that of the cone of the 

 western P. muricata, but with the difference that the western cone is strongly oblique, thrf anterior 

 and posterior spines varying greatly in size. 



Plate XXXIV. 



Fig. 298, Cone, Fig, 299, Conelet and its enlarged scale. Fig. 300, Leaf-fascicle and mag- 

 nified leaf-section. 



57. PINUS BANKSLA.NA 



1803 P. Banksiana Lambert, Gen. Pin. i. 7, t. 3. 



1804 P. HUDSONIA Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. v. 339. 



1810 P. HUPESTRis Michaux f . Hist. Arbr. Am. i. 49, t. 2. 



1811 P. DivARiCATA Dumout dc Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 457, 



Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate, from 2 to 4 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm 

 biform, Conelets minutely mucronate. Cones from 3 to 5 cm. long, erect, ovate-conic, oblique, 

 much curved or variously warped from the irregular development of the scales, serotinous; apophy- 

 ses lustrous tawny yellow, concave, flat or convex, the umbo small and unarmed. 



The most northern American Pine, growing near the Arctic Circle in the valley of the Mackenzie 

 River, whence it ranges southeasterly to central Minnesota and the south shore of Lake Michigan, 

 and easterly through the Dominion of Canada to northern Vermont, southern Maine, and Nova 

 Scotia. In the northern part of its range it is the only Pine, but further south it is associated with 

 P. strobus and P. resinosa. It is easily identified by its curious curved or deformed cones. 



Plate XXXV. 



Fig. 301, Cones. Fig. 302, Biserial cones of the same year. Fig. 303, Leaf-fascicle and 

 magnified leaf-section. Fig. 304, Habit of the tree. 



58. PINUS CONTORTA 



1833 P. iNOPS Bongard in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. P6tersb. ii. 163, (not Alton), 



1838 P. CONTORTA Douglas ex Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2292, f. 2211. 



1853 P. MuRRAYANA Balfour in Bot. Exp, Oregon, 2, f. 



1854 P. BouRSiERi Carriere in Rev, Hort, 225, ff. 16, 17. 



1868 P. BoLANDERi Parlatore in DC, Prodr. xvi-2, 379. 



1869 P. TAMRAC Murray in Gard. Chron. 191, ff. 1-9. 

 1898 P. TENUIS Lemmon in Erythea, vi. 77. 



Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate, from 3 to 5 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm 

 biform, Conelets long-mucronate. Cones from 2 to 5 cm. long, sessile, ovate-conic, symmetrical or 

 very oblique, persistent, serotinous; apophyses lustrous tawny-yellow, flat or protuberant, on 

 oblique cones abruptly larger on the posterior face; the umbo armed with a slender fragile prickle. 



