2 History of Forests and Forestry. 



of convenience and of pleasure. Only when the natural 

 supplies of forest products give out under the demands 

 of civilization, or when unfavorable conditions of soil or 

 climate induced by forest destruction necessitate a hus- 

 banding of supplies or necessitate the application of art 

 or skill or knowledge in securing a reproduction, does 

 the art of forestry make its appearance. Hence its be- 

 ginnings occur in difEerent places at different times and 

 its development proceeds at different paces. 



In the one country, owing to ecomomic development, 

 the need of an iutensive forest management and of strict 

 forest policies may have arrived, while in another rough 

 exploitation and wasteful practices are still natural and 

 practically unavoidable. And such differences, as we 

 shall see, may even exist in the different parts of the 

 same country. 



The origin and growth of the art, then, is dependent 

 on economic and cultural conditions and economic 

 development and on other elements of environment, and 

 can only be understood and appreciated through the 

 knowledge of such environment, of such other conditions 

 and development, as that of the use of the soil, of indus- 

 tries, of means of transportation, of civilization gener- 

 ally. 



Hence we find, for instance, that England, located so 

 as to be accessible by sea from all points of the compass 

 and with oceanic shipping well developed, can appar- 

 ently dispense with serious consideration of the forest 

 supply question. 



Again we find, that more than a century ago fear of a 

 timber famine agitated not only the dense populations 

 of many European countries, but even the scanty popu- 



