68 Germany. 



The first elaboration of a pure volume division was 

 made by Beckman in 1759, who estimated stock on hand 

 by trees and guessed more or less at the accretion, allow- 

 ing 3.5, 2 and 1% for the different sites and then made 

 a year to year calculation of stock for 135 years. How 

 the feUing budget was finally determined is not known. 



Two methods were simultaneously devised in 1783 

 which form the transition to the so-called allotment 

 methods, making periodic age classes of an equal number 

 of years and allotting either felling areas or volumes to 

 each period of the rotation. Incapacity of the officials 

 in Wiirtemberg prevented the application of the one 

 method, while the other, devised by Maurer, remained 

 also only a proposition. 



But in 1788 Kregting in his Mathematical Contribu- 

 tions to forestry science teaches a pure volume allotment 

 method vidth ten year age classes and nearly all the ap- 

 paratus which was afterward developed by Hartig, who 

 in the next period dominated to such a large extent the 

 development of forestry in all its branches. 



9. Improvements in Methods of Mensuration. 



In scientific directions, the mathematical disciplines 

 were the first to be developed, the natural sciences 

 received attention much later. 



A considerable amount of mathematical knowledge 

 was required for this work of forest organization. The 

 mathematical apparatus even at the end of this period 

 was rather slender, but its development went hand in 

 hand with the development of these methods of regula- 

 tion, and even elaborate mathematical formulae for de- 

 termining felling budgets were not absent. 



