Modern Property Conditions. 89 



ence in position between f axm and forest property began 

 to be recognized. Although after 1820 sales of forest 

 property took place, they were never a fiscal measure, but 

 were made either for the purpose of rounding off exist- 

 ing state forest property or paying off servitudes, or 

 dse in order to turn over agricultural soil to farm use. 

 At present everywhere in Germany state properties are 

 on the increase. 



The property conditions of the communal forests 

 naturally changed also with the political changes of the 

 19th century, when existing communities were made part 

 of the large political machine and changed from eco- 

 nomic and social to modern political municipalities. The 

 ownership conditions, however, were not simplified, but 

 as before, remained extremely varied. 



Of the Mark forest but a very small portion remains 

 to-day. The majority of it had been finally divided 

 among the Marker in the first decade of the century, and 

 the few remaining parts became independent of the 

 political organization and now exist merely in the form 

 of appurtenances to certain farm properly known as 

 Genossenwald (association forests). In adition to the 

 variety of communal ownerships existing ia the preced- 

 ing period, some new commimal properties originated 

 from the granting of land ia the settlement and dissolu- 

 tion of servitudes, whereby an undivided property 

 (Interessentenwald) in which sometimes even the state 

 retains an interest, came into existence. 



The municipal property of the cities had become either 

 the property of the entire community or of that part 

 which constituted the resil citizenship, or at least of a 

 certain class of citizens of the municipality. 



