90 Germany. 



The incumbrances which had grown up with regard 

 to forest property under the name of servitudes and 

 which 80 much retarded the development of better forest 

 management continued into this period, and although 

 through the influences of the French revolution a desire 

 had been stimulated to get rid of all curtailments of 

 property, some have persisted to this day. Indeed, for 

 a time an increase of these servitudes took place, due to 

 the carelessness of forest officials in keeping unjustified 

 use of the forest in check, when ancient usage of these 

 rights of user was claimed and new servitudes were 

 established. 



Indeed, in Bavaria, it became at last necessary 

 (1853) to positively forbid the further establishment of 

 new servitudes or rights of user. Laws having in view 

 the dissolution or buying out of these rights were 

 issued in Bavaria in 1805 and in Prussia in 1831, giving 

 the right to forest owners to call for a division of 

 interests; but as at firgt the only way of settlement was 

 by exchange for definite parcels of forest property, the 

 progress in the abolishment of these rights was slow, 

 until money exchange was permitted (as in Saxony, 

 1833) . At the present time the state forest administra- 

 tions have mostly got rid of these servitudes, or at least 

 have progressed so far in their regulation that they are 

 now rarely impediments to forest management. These 

 peaceable adjustments of the rights of user constitute 

 the last act of freeing property socially and economic- 

 ally. 



2. Forest Conditions. 



In spite of the sporadic efforts which had been made 

 to bring about the recuperation of forest areas during 



