Literature on Forest Utilization. 123 



nursery practice by species (PflanzenzucM im, Walde, 

 1882). 



At present the magazine literature furnishes ample 

 opportunity to discuss the development of methods in 

 all directions. The text books at present appearing 

 seem to be justified by or intended mainly for the needs 

 of the teacher and rarely for the practitioner. Such a 

 text book is that by Weise. 



Other branches than silviculture were similarly first 

 treated in comprehensive volumes and then in mono- 

 graphic writings on special subjects of the branch. The 

 literature on forest utilization covering the whole field, 

 was enriched especially by Pfeil, Koenig, Gayer, and 

 Fiirst. The first investigation into the physical and 

 technical properties of wood was conducted by 0. L. 

 Hartig himself followed by Theodor Hartig, and has 

 been most broadly treated by H. Noerdlinger (1860). 



The question of means of transportation gradually be- 

 came also a subject capable of monographic treatment 

 and a series of books came out on locating and building 

 forest roads. Braun issued such a book in 1855 for the 

 plains country and Kaiser (1873) for the mountains, 

 also Miihlhausen (1876), who had been commissioned 

 to locate a perfect road system over the demonstration 

 forest at the forest academy of Muenden. Only within 

 the last quarter of the century were railroads introduced 

 into the economy of forest management. The first com- 

 prehensive book on the subject of logging roads was 

 issued by Foerster, and a later one by Eunnebaum. 



A very comprehensive literature on the value of forest 

 litter was brought into existence by the established usage 

 of small farmers of supplying their lack of straw for 



