144 Austria-Hungary. 



tria-Hiingary came into existence and gave a new nac 

 tional life and new policies to the coalition which is to 

 amalgamate these southeastern territories into a homo- 

 geneous nation. 



By the treaty of BerUn in 1878, this territory of 241- 

 ^42 square miles with over 45 million people was further 

 increased by the addition of the Turkish provinces of 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina with 1,250,000 inhabitants and 

 23.263 squarfe miles. 



It is natural that, corresponding to this great diversity 

 of ethnological elements and historical development, we 

 should find a great variety of forest conditions and un- 

 even development of forestry. While in Bohemia, Mora- 

 via and Silesia the most intensive management has long 

 been practiced, in the Carpathians of Galicia and in 

 Hungary rough exploitation is still the rule, and in other 

 parts large untouched forest areas still await develop- 

 ment. 



We can distinguish at least seven regions thus differ- 

 ently developed : the ITorthwest with Bohemia, Moravia 

 and the remaining part of Silesia, settled the longest 

 and the longest under forest management; the North- 

 east, Galicia with the Carpathian Mo\mtains still largely 

 either exploited or untouched; the Danube lands or 

 Austria proper, with the Vienna forest and the forests 

 connected with the saltworks in TJpper Austria and 

 Styria, under some management since the 12th and 16th 

 centuries respectively; the Alp territory, including Tyrol 

 and Salzburg, parts of Slyria, Karinthia and EJrain, 

 much devastated long ago and offering all the problems 

 of the reboisement work of France; the Coast lands 



