Educational Means. 161 



est owners in Austria. In 1805 another private forest 

 school was opened in Bohemia, and at the same time the 

 state institute near Vienna came into existence. This 

 was in 1813 transferred to Mariabrunn, and, after va- 

 rious changes in the character of the teaching, was, in 

 1867, raised to the dignity of an academy with a three 

 years' course. In 1875 it was transferred to the Moch- 

 schule fur Bodenkultur at Vienna, an agricultural school 

 which had been instituted ia, 1873 intended to give the 

 higher scientific education in both forestry and agricul- 

 ture by a three years course. During the years from 

 1875-1904, over 2,600 students in forestry alone had at- 

 tended this excellent school at which 71 professors and 

 instructors are employed. 



For the lower grades of foresters schools were from time 

 to time opened in addition to the private ones first men- 

 tioned. At the present time there are in existence three 

 so-called "middle schools," Eulenberg (founded in 

 1852), Weisswasser (1855) and Lemberg (1872) at 

 which the course is two years, and one at Bruck (1900), 

 where the course is three years. 



For the education of guards three Porstwart schools 

 were instituted in 1881 and 1883, one each for Tirol, 

 Styria and G-alicia, where in an eleven months' course 15 

 forest guards at each receive instruction. In addition 

 there are five schools of silviculture where the course is 

 one year. Besides these schools courses in forestry of 

 shorter duration are given at three other institutions. 



Beside these schools the promotion of forestry 

 science is, as in Germany, secured by forest experiment 

 stations which came into existence as a result of the 

 earlier deliberations of the German foresters; the pro- 



