164 Austria-Hungary. 



The magazine literature began with publications by 

 various forestry associations which became active after 

 1848. At the present time weekly, monthly, bi-monthly, 

 quarterly, yearly and irregular publications to the 

 number of not less than 14 in German, in addition to 

 several in Bohemian, may be counted, among which the 

 monthly Gentralblatt fur das Gesammte Forstwesen, in 

 existence siace 1875, and the only weekly, Oester- 

 reichische Forstzeitung since 1883, are perhaps the most 

 widely known. 



HUNGARY. 



Although naturally influenced by Austrian precedent, 

 forestry matters in Hungary like all matters of admin- 

 istration are independent of Austria, the connection 

 being only in the identity of the emperor. 



The forests which had been largely the property of the 

 kings of the Arpad dynasty had been by them turned 

 over in donations to the churches, cloisters and to colo- 

 nists, so that by 1536 when the Hapsburgs succeeded, 

 only a small portion remained, and this became State 

 property. 



In the forests which were necessary for the working of 

 the royal mines and furnaces an attempt was early made 

 to secure systematic treatment imder an ordinance 

 (1565) which gave instructions as to the order of fell- 

 ings, the reservation of seed trees, etc. But on the whole 

 the government did not make much effort at regulating 

 forest use until past the middle of the 18th century, and 

 then largely owing to military considerations urged by 

 General von Bngelshoffen commanding on the frontier 



