183 Switzerland. 



school education. Their number must be at least 15 

 and not more than 25. There have also been instituted 

 specially conducted excursions and progressive under- 

 foresters' courses, as -well as additional scientific courses 

 which the Bund subsidizes. 



In connection with the Zurich school, forestry science 

 and art are further advanced by a well-endowed central 

 Forest Experiment Station, with several substations and 

 an annual credit of $10,000. 



The greatest credit for the advancement of forestry 

 and forest legislation is due to the Swiss Forestry Asso- 

 ciation (347 members in 1903), which was founded 

 in 1843, meeting annually in various plac^, managed 

 by a Committee of five elected for 3 years. This Asso- 

 ciation is subsidized by the Bund for its educational 

 work. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur das Forstwesen 

 (begun 1850) is its organ with Dr. Fanlchauser as 

 editor. 



In 1898 an association of underforesters with a special 

 organ, Per Forstwirfh, came into existence (526 mem- 

 bers in 1903), and several cantonal foresters' associa- 

 tions are also active. 



In the literature, which is largely in German, with 

 some French and Italian volumes, notable works have 

 appeared and real advances in forestry science especially 

 with reference to management of mountain forests are 

 due to Swiss writers. 



In 1767 the SociiU d'Economie de Zurich published 

 a foresters' manual, and during the first quarter of the 

 nineteenth century ZschoTcke and Kasthofer developed 

 silviculture in the Alps. LandoU in 1860 published the 



